We conclude that Yap induces metabolic reprogramming in the liver, resulting in decreased ammonia detoxification (Urea cycle) and increased click here ammonia assimilation into glutamine, prior to tumor formation. We hypothesize that the Yap-driven accumulation of glutamine may provide essential components for rapid cell proliferation that may contribute to hepatic growth in liver development and tumorigenesis. Disclosures: Wolfram Goessling – Consulting: Fate Therapeutics,

Fate Therapeutics; Patent Held/Filed: Fate Therapeutics, Fate Therapeutics The following people have nothing to disclose: Andrew G. Cox, Katie L. Hwang, Sebastian Beltz, Kimberley Evason, Keelin O’Connor, Kristin Brown, Evan C. Lien, Sagar selleck chemicals Chhangawala, Yariv Houvras, Didier Y. Stainier Introduction: Acute liver failure leads to a variety of complications with one of the most difficult to manage clinically being the neurological complications, collectively called hepatic enceph-alopathy (HE). Following liver damage, the liver upregulates a variety of factors in response to injury. Transforming

growth factor beta 1 (TGF 1) is involved in the promotion of liver fibro-sis and is elevated in the serum following liver injury. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neuroprotective peptide that is anti-inflammatory and can be suppressed by TGF 1 signaling in other organs. Therefore, we hypothesize that circulating hepatic-derived TGF 1 suppresses neural IGF-1 during

HE and subsequently exacerbates the neurological decline associated with HE. Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were injected with the hepatotoxin azoxymethane (AOM; 100 mg/kg). In parallel, mice were pretreated with an anti-TGF neutralizing antibody (1 mg/kg) 1 hour prior to AOM, or were infused ICV with recombinant mouse IGF-1 (120 ng/mouse/day) for 3 days prior to AOM injection. Cognitive impairment was monitored and at coma, livers, serum and whole brains were collected. Liver histology was assessed by H&E stains and liver function was determined via ALT and bilirubin measurement. TGF 1, IGF-1, and the microglia marker IBA-1 were assessed by immu-noblotting, immunohistochemistry and/or RT-PCR. Results: Mice injected with AOM had elevations of hepatic and circulating MCE TGF 1 as well as a suppression of cortical IGF-1. Treatment of AOM mice with anti-TGF neutralizing antibodies or IGF-1 ICV prior to AOM significantly reduced the rate of neurological decline without causing significant changes in liver damage or function when compared to mice only treated with AOM. Mice treated with anti-TGF observed an increase of IGF-1 mRNA in the cortex. Treatment with both anti-TGF and IGF-1 ICV was found to reduce microglia activation and proliferation as measured by IBA1 staining. Conclusion: Elevated TGF 1 following liver failure leads to decreased IGF-1 expression, increased inflammation, and worse outcomes for HE mice.