The MS/MS data were then

searched against a database indexed for only Clostridium spp. for protein identification. Whole genome sequencing and FDA approved Drug Library high throughput analysis Genomic DNA was isolated from strain CDC66177 using the MasterPure kit (Epicenter, Madison, WI) with modifications previously described [23]. This DNA was further purified using a Genomic-tip 100/G column (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). One microgram of genomic DNA was sheared using a Covaris S2 ultrasonicator system to a mean size of 1 Kb. The sheared DNA was used to construct a SMRTbell sequencing library (Pacific Biosciences) according to manufacturer’s instructions. The SMRTbell library was then bound into SMRTbell-DNA polymerase complexes and loaded into zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) on 4 SMRTcells selleck compound and sequenced using Pacific Biosciences C2 chemistry. This relatively small insert sized library was utilized to promote production of circular concensus reads (CCS) which retain higher accuracy

base calls than the longer continuous length reads (CLR). Eight 45 min movies were recorded and processed, yielding ~305 K reads with a mean readlength of 2.9 Kbases and total of SU5402 price 889 Mbases of sequence. CCS reads (140 K reads) were then used to error correct the longer (165 K reads) CLR reads [24] utilizing the Pacific Biosciences analysis script BLASR and then the combined CCS/corrected CLR fastq format reads were imported into CLC Genomics workbench. Sequence reads were then trimmed of any remaining Pacific Biosciences hairpin adaptor sequences and quality trimmed to a base Q value of 20. The filtered reads were then assembled de novo using the CLC denovo assembler. The 188,898 input reads provided a draft assembly of a 3.85 Mb genome comprised of 119 contigs with an N50 value of 87,742 bases with an average coverage of 28X. Annotation of the whole genome sequence was performed using RAST [25]. Pairwise alignments of various genes were made with EMBOSS Needle (http://​www.​ebi.​ac.​uk/​Tools/​psa/​emboss_​needle/​nucleotide.​html). ANI values were determined

using the computer program JSpecies [17]. MLST loci from selected previously reported type E strains were obtained from Genbank [11]. These MLST loci were used to search for the corresponding alleles in the strain 17B genome sequence and Astemizole the CDC66177 whole genome sequence using BLAST. Concatemers of the alleles for each strain were generated and a multiple sequence alignment was performed using CLUSTALW because the lengths of some alleles in strains 17B and CDC66177 differed due to insertion and/or deletions. Acknowledgements Sanger sequencing was performed in the Genomics Unit within the Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology at CDC. This publication was supported by funds made available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response.