Results: A total of 27 ultrasound guided biopsies were targeted into 9 hypoechoic lesions. All 27 PDGFR inhibitor biopsies (100%) successfully hit the target lesion. For hypoechoic lesions mean +/- SD procedural targeting error was 1.52 +/- 0.78 mm and system registration error was 0.83 mm, resulting in an overall error of 2.35 mm. Of the 27 magnetic resonance fusion

biopsies 24 (84%) hit the lesion. For isoechoic lesions mean procedural targeting error was 2.09 +/- 1.28 mm, resulting in an overall error of 2.92 mm.

Conclusions: The novel, computer assisted, 3-dimensional transrectal ultrasound biopsy localization system achieved encouraging accuracy with less than 3 mm error for targeting hypoechoic and isoechoic lesions. The ability to register actual biopsy trajectory and perform elastic magnetic resonance/ultrasound image fusion is a significant advantage for future focal therapy application.”
“To determine whether the vestibular nuclei are affected by inflammation of temporomandibular

joint (TMJ) region, we studied vestibular nucleus neural activity using two experimental groups: (1) normal saline 0.1 cm(3) injection at right TMJ region, (2) 10% formalin 0.1 cm(3) injection at right TMJ region. Neural activity after 24 hours was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with free-floating section at the level of interaural -1.30 mm to -2.00 mm for c-Fos. In inflammation group, formalin injection produced a bilateral increase in c-Fos at vestibular nucleus with ipsilesional learn more side higher activity. In control group, expression of c-Fos protein

was also observed in the vestibular nucleus (VN), especially MVN. But stain intensity of Fos-positive neurons was much weaker and mean number of c-Fos positive cells was fewer than inflammation group. This result suggests that there is a close neural connection between TMJ and vestibular nucleus, especially in case of inflammation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Our goal was to identify the leaf proteomic changes which appeared during N remobilisation that were associated or not associated with senescence of oilseed rape in response to contrasting nitrate availability. Remobilisation of N and leaf senescence status were followed using N-15 tracing, Urocanase patterns of chlorophyll level, total protein content and a molecular indicator based on expression of senescence-associated gene 12/Cab genes. Three phases associated with N remobilisation were distinguished. Proteomics revealed that 55 proteins involved in metabolism, energy, detoxification, stress response, proteolysis and protein folding, were significantly induced during N remobilisation. Four proteases were specifically identified. FtsH, a chloroplastic protease, was induced transiently during the early stages of N remobilisation.