Bland-Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between two measures of luminal reduction measured by CTA: percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal PSV and EDV thresholds for diagnosing >= 50% CCA stenosis.
Results: Severity of CCA stenosis Selleck DihydrotestosteroneDHT was <50% in 76 vessels, 50%-59% in eight, 60%-69% in eight,
70%-79% in nine, 80%-89% in three, 90%-99% in five, and occluded in six. Duplex ultrasonography identified six of six (100%) patients with 100% CCA occlusion by CTA. Bland-Altman analysis showed poor agreement between percent stenosis determined by vessel diameter compared with percent stenosis determined by reduction in lumen area. Therefore, subsequent analysis was performed using percent stenosis by at-ea. ROC analysis of different PSV thresholds for detecting stenosis >= 50% showed that >182 cm/sec was the most accurate with a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 88% (P < .0001). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of carotid duplex were higher when the stenosis was located in the mid or distal aspects of the
CCA (sensitivity 76%, specificity 89%, area under curve 0.84, P < .001) than in the intrathoracic and proximal segment of the artery (P = NS). ROC analysis of different EDV thresholds for detecting CCA stenosis >= 50% showed that >30 cm/sec was the most accurate with a sensitivity of 54% and a specificity FRAX597 molecular weight of 74% (P < .0239).
Conclusions: Duplex ultrasonography is highly sensitive, specific, and accurate for detecting CCA lesions in the mid and distal CCA. Use of peak systolic velocity may lead to improved detection of CCA disease Omipalisib price and initiation of appropriate therapy
to reduce the risk of stroke. (J Vase Surg 2010;51:65-70.)”
“In the present work we report the generation of a
of alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) transgenic mice in which the human wild-type alpha-SYN cDNA is expressed under the control of a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. We provide evidence that the ectopic protein is found in TH expressing neurons of both central and peripheral nervous systems. The transgene is expressed very early in development coinciding with the activity of the TH promoter and in the adult brain the human protein distributes normally to the nerve endings and cell bodies of dopaminergic nigral neurons without any evidence of abnormal aggregation. Our results indicate that expression of human wild-type a-SYN does not affect normal development or maintenance of TH immunoreactive nigral neurons, striatal dopamine content, or locomotor activity. Systemic administration of the parkinsonian neurotoxin 1-methy1-4-pheny1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a loss of TH immunoreactive nigral neurons and terminals and of dopamine levels to the same degree in both transgenic and non-transgenic adult mice. Intoxication also results in a similar loss of cardiac noradrenaline in both genotypes.