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“Aim: The present study aims to determine the association
of periodontal disease (identified early in pregnancy) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a North Indian population. Material and Methods: A total of 340 primigravida women, aged 2035 years with single see more live pregnancy were recruited at 1420 weeks period of gestation from the antenatal clinic. These women had undergone periodontal examination at time of recruitment. The pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results: Out of 340 primigravida women, 147 (43.23%) women had gingivitis and 61 (17.94%) women had periodontitis. Periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birthweight with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 7.48 (2.7222.42), 3.35 (1.209.55), 2.72 (1.305.68) and 3.03 (1.535.97), respectively. Conclusions: The study shows a significant association between periodontitis
(but not with gingivitis) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, intrauterine IWR-1-endo inhibitor growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birthweight infants.”
“Because of its benefits to soil and crops, sewage sludge application on agricultural soils is a managing practice of increasing use. However, this practice may lead to contamination of the food chain, especially by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The main objective of this study was to
integrate probabilistic multimedia models to predict the accumulation of POPs in the learn more food chain and the related risks to humans, as a consequence of sludge application on soil. For that, four models were integrated: (i) soil fate, (ii) plant, (iii) food chain and (iv) exposure and risk. These models were applied for two scenarios (occupational and non-occupationally exposed populations) in a time span of 30 years. The variability of the inputs and outputs was also considered. The model was applied to a case-study of 4 POPs (2,3,7,8TCDD, PCB 180, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) in an agricultural soil located in Catalonia (NE of Spain). Some differences in cancer risk due to POP exposure were appreciated between both evaluated scenarios. However, all values were below the threshold levels. With the exception of 2,3,7,8TCDD, all the contaminants reached steady state on soil in the first five years of the evaluation. Concentration levels in food (vegetables, meat and milk) were linearly correlated to those in soils. Air inhalation was noted to be an occupational exposure route of minor importance. Sensitivity analysis for 2,3,7,8TCDD showed that exposure parameters were responsible for most of the variability in the results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.