2010), without preceding illness noticed AZD8055 difficulty in speech. On day 6, she presented with a generalized convulsive

seizure. Brain MRI revealed no abnormalities. On day 12, she had another seizure. During the following days she developed memory deficit, disorientation, psychosis, and fever of 37–38°C. She eventually became delirious, and was admitted to our hospital on day 24. Functions of the cranial nerves, motor and sensory systems were normal. Cerebellar ataxia and meningeal signs were not evident. Brain MRI did not reveal focal lesions or abnormal gadolinium enhancement. Lumbar puncture yielded normal pressure, 80 mmH2O; total protein, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 22 mg/dL; and glucose, 79 mg/dL accompanied by increased Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical mononuclear cell count, 20/μL. PCR of CSF was negative for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed diffuse slow waves. CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed no tumors. Laboratory blood tests revealed increase in the leukocyte count

(11,070/μL) and C-reactive protein (CRP, 5.11 mg/dL). Tumor markers were within normal limits. Viral titers did not increase between paired sera 2 weeks Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical apart. Antibodies to GABAB receptor (R) were identified in serum and CSF (Lancaster et al. 2010). The titers of the antibodies were 40 in the serum and 40 in the CSF, defined as the reciprocal Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the maximal dilution that gave positive immunostaining. Autoantibodies to NMDAR, AMPAR, VGKC, Ma2, HuD, and CRMP5 were not detected. Other tests including antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and autoantibodies to DNA, SS-A, SS-B, PR3-ANCA, MPO-ANCA, glutamic acid decarboxylase, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, thyroid stimulating hormone R, Ri, Hu, and Yo were negative. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy at 1 g/day for 5 days and phenytoin were administered i.v. starting on day 25. On days 25 and 30, she had two generalized seizures, after which she did not developed further seizures. As her consciousness recovered over a period of 1 week after

treatment, and EEG revealed restored unless α waves, she Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical developed Wernicke aphasia and orolingual dyskinesia manifesting as chewing and tongue twisting; these unique symptoms of our patient are not observed among other 14 patients with anti-GABABR antibody encephalitis (Lancaster et al. 2010). Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for 3 days was repeated on days 32 and 42 followed by oral prednisolone 50 mg/day. The CSF cell count and CRP levels normalized, following which she became afebrile and regained normal mental as well as neurologic functions by day 50. She was discharged with prednisolone 30 mg/day on day 62. Assessment of brain perfusion using interictal 123I-IMP SPECT was performed on the fourth day (day 28) of the first course of methylprednisolone pulse therapy and after the three courses of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (day 46) (Fig.