AvrPtoB is annotated to several child terms of “”GO:0052031 modulation by symbiont of host defense response”" including: “”GO:0034054 negative Fludarabine datasheet regulation by symbiont of host defense-related
programmed cell death [PCD]“”, “”GO:0034055 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death”", “”GO:0033660 negative regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response”", “”GO:0075132 negative regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction”", and “”GO:0052034 negative regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity”". At first glance, these annotations may appear contradictory – after all, how can the same gene product be
annotated to both “”GO:0034055 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD”" and “”GO:0034054 negative regulation check details by symbiont of host defense-related PCD”"? In this case, the answer lies in the secondary or dual taxon field incorporated into the GO database as part of the PAMGO project. This field functions to indicate the identities of the organisms between which the interaction is occurring. Thus, closer examination learn more reveals that “”GO:0034055 positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD”" applies to AvrPtoB in the Pto DC3000 interaction with S. lycopersicum (tomato) while “”GO:0034054 negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD”" is used to annotate the interaction between Pto DC3000 and Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco). In fact, annotation to “”GO:0034054 negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD”" is shown in triplicate to reflect interactions of Pto DC3000 in three separate hosts – Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Where additional clarification of strains and genotypes of interacting organisms is required, users can refer to the associated publications found in the reference field of the GO annotation. In
addition to annotations in the Biological Process ontology, annotations to the Cellular Component and Molecular Function Dehydratase ontologies are also shown. As one of the most thoroughly characterized of the Pto DC3000 effectors, AvrPtoB has several Molecular Function annotations that provide insight on the specific enzymatic and binding capabilities by which AvrPtoB accomplishes the processes described above. Molecular Function annotations include: “”GO:0019901 protein kinase binding”", “”GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity”", and “”GO:0031624 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding”". Just as documenting the taxa of interacting organisms is critical to the usefulness of biological process terms, so documentation of interacting proteins significantly enhances the value of Molecular Function terms.