(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3562042]“
“Background: The epidermis harbors adult stem cells
that reside in the basal layer and ensure the continuous maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Various studies imply that stem cells generally possess specific defense mechanisms against several forms of exogenous stress factors. As sun exposition is the most prevalent impact on human skin, this feature would be of particular importance in terms of sensitivity to UV-induced DNA damage.
Objective: To investigate whether human epidermal stem cells are susceptible to UV-induced DNA damage and subsequent functional impairment.
Methods: A method to isolate human epidermal stem cells Navitoclax in vivo from suction blister epidermis was established and validated. Volunteers were treated
with solar-simulated irradiation on test areas of the forearm and stem cells were isolated from suction blister material of this region. DNA damage was analyzed by staining for cyclobutane thymidine dimers. The functional consequences of UV-induced damages were assessed by colony forming efficiency assays and gene expression analyses.
Results: Compared to an unirradiated control, stem cells isolated from areas SHP099 chemical structure that were exposed to solar-simulated radiation showed significantly more DNA lesions. Although the number of stem cells was not reduced by this treatment, a functional impairment of stem cells could be shown by reduced colony forming efficiency and altered gene expression of stem cell markers.
Conclusions: Despite their essential role in skin maintenance, epidermal stem cells are sensitive to physiological doses of UV irradiation in vivo. (C) 2011 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The scalability of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) using a spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) (spin FPGA) with a magnetocurrent (MC) ratio in the range of 100-1000% is discussed for the first time. The area and speed of million-gate
spin FPGAs are numerically benchmarked with CMOS FPGA for 22, 32, and 45 nm technologies including INCB028050 supplier a 20% transistor size variation. We show that the area is reduced and the speed is increased in spin FPGA due to the nonvolatile memory function of spin MOSFET. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3537923]“
“Signal transduction therapy for cancer targets signaling elements with key roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation, but with more minor roles in the survival of healthy cells. Cancer cells have shrunken signaling networks, and therefore tend to be dependent on fewer signaling modules than non-cancerous cells. Thus, targeted therapy holds the promise of efficacy with minimal toxicity. Yet, with the notable exception of Gleevec for the treatment of early chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), targeted therapies have so far had minimal success.