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“Context: Microencapsulation of antigens has been extensively

Dinaciclib studied over the last decades aiming at improving the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates.

Objective: Addressing microparticles (MPs) toxicity in rats.

Material and methods: Spray-dried Eudragit (R) L 30 D-55 MPs and Eudragit (R) L 30 D-55 alginate MPs were elaborated and characterized. MPs obtained were administered to rats, three groups were defined: G1, control group; G2, administered with Vibrio cholerae (VC)-loaded MPs; G3, receiving VC-loaded alginate MPs. Animals received three vaccine doses. Body weight, food and water intake were controlled during the study. Haematological

parameters, vibriocidal titres, organ weight and histology in necropsy were also analyzed.

Results: All animals grew healthy. Body weight gain, food and water intake and haematological parameters remained within physiological values, showing no treatment-related differences. Moreover, organ weight changes were not detected and animals developed protective vibriocidal titres.

Conclusion: VC-loaded MPs and VC-loaded alginate MPs have proved to be safe and effective in the assessed conditions.”
“Objectives: To standardize the information PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor for families of children having functional surgery for middle ear malformations, we describe the audiometric results of the subgroup of patients with the most favorable anatomic conditions: viable auditory canal, intact tympanic membrane, mobile stapes, and corresponding to a Jahrsdoerfer score of 8 or higher.

Study Design: Case series, tertiary referral center.

Methods: Charts of patients undergoing functional surgery for congenital middle ear malformations were reviewed for demographic data, preoperative Jahrsdoerfer score, ossicular chain status, type of ossiculoplasty, and audiometric data before and 6 months postsurgery.

Results: Eighteen consecutive interventions were performed on 13 patients (average age of 9 years, 8 girls and 5 boys) between 2004

and 2011. The ossiculoplasties performed were as follows: incus repositioning (4), double-layer tragal cartilage (5), intact native chain reconstruction (3), and partial ossicular prosthesis (6). Mean air bone gap (ABG) was MK-2206 cost 40.8 +/- 12.4 dB preoperatively and 20.9 +/- 12.9 dB postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Preoperative and postoperatively mean air conduction PTA thresholds were 49.9 +/- 9.5 and 30.0 +/- 14.1 dB, respectively (p < 0.0001). All ears operated on except one had air conduction improvement. There were no complications.

Conclusion: Functional surgery for congenital middle ear malformations gives variable hearing outcomes. In this study, with the most favorable anatomic conditions, 12 ears (67%) of 18 had air conduction improvement below 30 dB.