Four pro-drugs, esmolol acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate, were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained and in vitro skin permeability study was carried out using excised porcine skin. Drug and pro-drugs were assessed for anti-hypertensive effect on male Sprague Dawley rats and data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that esters had much higher lipophilicity (p < 0.001) than the parent drug. All the esters had recorded significantly higher (p < 0.001) skin permeability than the parent moiety, with esmolol valerate showing

the highest steady state flux (1.899 +/- 0.035 mu mol/cm(2)/h). Esters showed greater reduction of blood pressure LY2090314 cell line JQ-EZ-05 than the parent drug, with esmolol propionate showing the highest efficacy. The findings suggest that esterification can be a promising tool for enhancing the skin permeability

of esmolol, which is an essential requirement for transdermal development.”
“TiO2 nanofillers (5 nm, 0-15% weight) have been introduced in the PMMA matrix using a twin screw extruder to increase the performance of PMMA. The twin screw extrusion process is optimized to disperse the particles into PMMA. Nanofiller infusion improves the thermal, mechanical, and UV absorption properties of PMMA. TiO2-PMMA nanocomposites exhibit the increase in tensile modulus (90%), decomposition temperature (31%), dimension stability (similar to 60%) and UV absorption (similar to 410%). Properties of the nanoTiO(2)-PMMA composites are depending on the dispersion of TiO2 in the PMMA matrix. It is interrelated

with loading. Formation and disappearance of the peaks in FTIR confirm the chemical interaction of PMMA with TiO2. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 2890-2897, 2010″
“Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions that give rise to myocardial dysfunction with an increased risk for atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. Inherited defects in cardiomyocyte proteins in the sarcomeric contractile apparatus, the cytoskeleton and desmosomal cell-cell contact APR-246 molecular weight junctions are becoming recognized increasingly as major causes of sudden cardiac death in the general population. Animal models have been developed for the systematic dissection of the genetic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. This review presents an overview of current animal models for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.