In this report, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) was investiga

In this report, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) was investigated as an alternative for the separation of an acidic recombinant protein, beta-glucuronidase (rGUS), from transgenic tobacco. Screening experiments by fractional factorial designs showed that PEG concentration Sapanisertib nmr and ionic strength of the system significantly affected the partitioning of native tobacco proteins and GUS. Response surface methodology was used to determine an optimized aqueous two-phase

system for the purification of rGUS from transgenic tobacco. In a 13.4% (w/w) PEG 3400/18% (w/w) potassium phosphate system. 74% of the rGUS was recovered in the top PEG-rich phase while more than 90% of the native tobacco proteins were removed in the interphase and the bottom phase. A purification factor of about 20 was achieved in this process. The most important impurity from tobacco, Rubisco, was largely removed from the rGUS in the recovered phase. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Study Design. Basic scientific investigation exposing partially herniated discs to vibration and shock loads in both flexed and neutral

postures.

Objective. To determine the effect of vibration and posture on the exacerbation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation process.

Summary click here of Background Data. There is a large body of scientific evidence to suggest that spine flexion is required in conjunction with repetitive loading to produce IVD herniation. There is also a strong epidemiological link between occupational vibration exposure and the

development of IVD herniation; however, there is little basic experimental evidence to support this link. The purpose of this investigation was to examine what effect vibration, shock, and flexed posture has on the exacerbation of pre-existing partial IVD herniations.

Methods. A total of 64 porcine motion segments were exposed to an established herniation loading protocol to produce partial DMXAA purchase herniation. These motion segments were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 loads (vibration to simulate whole-body vibration [WBV], static, vibration, and shock) and either in neutral or flexed postures making 8 experimental conditions with 8 motion segments per group. Computed tomography imaging was used to quantify herniation progression, whereas specimen height and average stiffness changes were quantified via excepted methods.

Results. The herniation protocol was very successful in producing partial herniations (58 of 64 motion segments). Combined vibration and shock loading was the most potent load type for further exacerbation of the herniation. The flexed posture did not have an influence on the distance of nucleus tracking, probably because of the height lost in the disc, although a flexed posture made the disc marginally stiffer suggesting more damage.

Conclusion. Vibration and shock loading provided sufficient mechanical injury to exacerbate pre-existing IVD herniations.

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