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“In this work, we characterized the surface damage layer and sputtering yield of polycrystalline L-leucine films before and after Salubrinal inhibitor irradiation with Ar cluster or monomer ion beams with x ray photoelectron

spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Irradiation with Ar monomer ion beams induced heavy damage on the surface of L-leucine films, such as bond breaking and carbonization. In contrast, no significant surface damage was observed in the films irradiated with Ar cluster ion beams. The sputtering yield of L-leucine decreased dramatically with increasing fluence of monomer Ar ions and approached the value of the sputtering yield of graphite; but under irradiation with Ar cluster ion beams, the sputtering yield remained

constant with fluence. The differences in sputtering yield behavior were explained in relation with the surface damage layer on organic materials. Thus, cluster ion beams could potentially be used to mill down biological materials without significant damage on the surface and could contribute to various applications in the analysis and processing BLZ945 of life matter. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658220]“
“Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is a rare histologic diagnosis in renal allografts. We report three cases with GIN. Case 1: a 37-yr-old woman received a kidney from her mother. On follow-up 15 months later, serum creatinine was increased and a graft biopsy showed epithelioid granuloma in the center of massive mononuclear cell infiltration. She had presented with refractory urinary tract infection treated with antibiotics before biopsy. The case was presumed selleckchem to be GIN associated with UTI or hypersensitivity to medication. Case 2: a 47-yr-old woman received a second graft from a non-heart-beating donor. A protocol graft biopsy was performed six months after transplantation and showed several granulomatous nodules. She was followed closely without therapy. Case 3: a 27-yr-old woman received an ABO-incompatible kidney from her father. A protocol graft biopsy was performed three months after transplantation and showed granulomatous reaction with

severe mononuclear cell infiltration. She received steroid pulse therapy. The two latter patients had no obvious factor contributing to GIN. Therefore, they were presumed to have idiopathic GIN. Infection is considered to be the main causative factor of GIN in renal allografts. This paper describes rare cases of GIN that had no infectious episode in the renal allografts.”
“Rosiglitazone maleate (RGM) is widely used for improving insulin resistance. RGM is a moderate inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and is also mainly metabolized by CYP2C8. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of RGM on CYP2C8 is altered by co-treatment with other drugs, and whether amlodipine camsylate (AC) changes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of RGM.