“
“Objective
To investigate ophthalmic and cone-derived electrodiagnostic findings in outbred Miniature Long-haired Dachshunds (MLHD) homozygous for a mutation in the RPGRIP1 gene previously associated with cone-rod dystrophy 1 (cord1).
Animals
A total of Baf-A1 cost 36 MLHD homozygous for the RPGRIP1 mutation and 23 dogs clear of the mutation (control group).
Procedures
The dogs underwent ophthalmic examination and photopic electroretinogram (ERG) recordings.
Results
None of the control dogs presented with clinical or ophthalmic signs consistent with cord1. Amongst the dogs homozygous for the mutation one presented
with bilateral symmetrical total retinal atrophy. None of the other dogs in this group showed signs consistent with cord1. Photopic ERG recordings were available in 23 control dogs and 34 dogs homozygous for the mutation. Photopic a- and b-waves following four light stimuli (3 cdS/m2) at a rate of 5.1 Hz were not significantly different between groups. The amplitudes of the 30 Hz flicker (128 flashes, 3 cdS/m2) response were significantly reduced in the dogs homozygous for the PRGRIP1 Selleckchem Copanlisib mutation. The difference in age between the two groups did not significantly affect the difference.
Conclusion
Homozygosity of the RPGRIP1 mutation does not invariably result in early onset cord1. However, cone derived ERG recordings show evidence of
a reduced cone or inner retinal function in homozygous but clinically normal MLHD. Modifying genes that have yet to be identified may influence an individual dog’s risk of developing the blinding cord1 and also the age of onset and rate of progression.”
“The content of pharmaceutically important alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and narcotine) was analysed in the empty poppy capsules (poppy straw) of
fifteen selected cultivars of Papaver somniferum. By applying the cluster analysis and k-means methods, four clusters representing the sets of cultivars with a defined level of production of the selected alkaloids were determined, based on their similarities. The content of individual minor alkaloids, which was obtained was relatively low (0.00-0.17%) and in some cases negligible, defined by the dominant click here representation of morphine in the alkaloid spectrum of all selected cultivars. In addition to the high-morphine cultivar ‘Buddha’ (mean 1.64%), there was a middle content (mean 0.79%) or low content (mean 0.61%) of morphine in the cultivars included in clusters 2 and 3 (average of 3 consecutive years 2007, 2008 and 2009). A relatively high content of morphine was detected in cultivar ‘Bohmuv belosemenny’ (mean 0.91%), although it is usually published that white-seed cultivars contain less morphine and other alkaloids, compared to blue-seed or grey-seed cultivars. Low content of morphine (mean 0.48% resp. 0.