Patient characteristics varied considerably by site with regard to age, gender, racial/ethnic composition, and tobacco use rates. Variation by site was expected because the SAMHSA-funded public health service project attempted to provide screenings in a large number of diverse acute care sites. Across inhibitor expert all sites, Non-Latino Whites comprised 48% of the total study sample, Latinos comprised 41%, and Blacks comprised 11% of the sample. About 41% of the nearly 22,000 Latinos opted to have the interview conducted in Spanish. Fifty-six percent of the overall sample was female; gender varied by race/ethnicity, with women comprising 54%, 58%, and 56% of the Non-Latino White, Latino, and Black groups, respectively. The average age was 47 years (SD = 19.8), with a range from 18 to 101 years.

With regard to age categories, 4.5% were 18�C20 years, 7.8% were 21�C24, 17.6% were 25�C34, 16.2% were 35�C44, 18.6% were 45�C54, 13% were 55�C64, and 22% were 65 years or older. Income levels among those reporting income were low by U.S. standards, with one third of patients reporting a household income of less than $10,000 a year. Sixty-three percent of the overall sample reported using tobacco in their lifetime, 31% reported past three-month use, 28% reported recent intermittent or daily use, and 23% reported daily tobacco use. Tobacco Use Prevalence Among All ED Patients by Race/Ethnicity Table 1 presents the result of analyses comparing four crude tobacco prevalence estimates for Non-Latino White, Latino, and Black ED patients as well as ORs for tobacco use adjusted for age and gender.

All the chi-square tests for race/ethnicity were statistically significant at the .001 level, indicating ethnoracial differences in the prevalence of lifetime, past three-month, recent intermittent, and daily use of tobacco. Pairwise comparisons showed that the three groups differed significantly from one another, although a consistent pattern was seen in which Latinos had considerably lower rates for all four measures than the other two groups (12�C22 percentage points lower, depending on the tobacco measure). Indicating the same patterns, ORs adjusted for gender and age indicated that the magnitude of Latino patients�� differences were considerably large, whereas the White�CBlack differences, although statistically GSK-3 significant for three of the four measures, were relative modest effect sizes (S��nchez-Meca, Mar��n-Mart��nez, & Chac��n-Moscoso, 2003). The ORs for daily use did not differ significantly for Whites and Blacks. Although Non-Latino White patients were at greater risk of lifetime use than Black ED patients, Black patients were at slightly greater risk than Whites for past three-month and recent intermittent use. Table 1.