The goal of this article is to discuss common benign and malignant pediatric hepatic lesions and their key MR imaging findings. Particular emphasis is placed on the utility of new hepatocyte-specific contrast agents to narrow the differential diagnosis. Alexander J. Towbin, Suraj D. Serai, and

Daniel J. Podberesky Traditionally, many diffuse diseases of the liver could only be diagnosed by liver biopsy. Although still considered the gold standard, liver biopsy is limited by its small sample size, invasive nature, and subjectivity of interpretation. There have been significant advances in functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver. These advances now provide radiologists with BTK inhibitor cost the tools to evaluate the liver at the molecular level, allowing quantification of hepatic fat and iron, and enabling the identification of liver fibrosis at its earliest stages. These methods provide objective measures of diffuse liver processes and aid hepatologists in the diagnosis and management of liver disease. Nathan D. Egbert, David A. Bloom, and Jonathan R. Dillman Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an extremely useful tool for evaluating a wide

variety of disorders affecting the pancreaticobiliary system in neonates/infants, children, and adolescents. This imaging technique has numerous distinct advantages over Dabrafenib cost alternative diagnostic modalities, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, including its noninvasive nature and lack of ionizing radiation. Such advantages make MRCP the preferred first-line method for advanced imaging the pediatric pancreaticobiliary tree, after ultrasonography. This article presents a contemporary review

of the use of MRCP in the pediatric population, including techniques, indications, and the imaging appearances of common and uncommon pediatric disorders. Michael S. Gee, Mark Bittman, Monica Epelman, Sara O. Vargas, and Edward Y. Lee The differential diagnosis of renal masses in pediatric patients includes benign and malignant tumors, as well as nonneoplastic mass-like lesions mimicking tumors. Although the spectrum of renal masses in children has some overlap with that of adults, it is important to understand the renal pathologic processes specific these to the pediatric population, as well as their characteristic imaging appearances and clinical presentations. This article reviews benign and malignant renal masses in children, with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features that are specific to each lesion type. Melkamu Adeb, Kassa Darge, Jonathan R. Dillman, Michael Carr, and Monica Epelman Duplex renal collecting systems are common congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract. In most cases they are incidental findings and not associated with additional pathologies. They demonstrate, however, higher incidences of hydroureteronephrosis, ureteroceles, and ectopic ureters.