The vascular renal injury grades IV had a significantly worse functional result than

those of grades III and IV with extravasation (Table 4). This finding is in disaccording with another Selonsertib previous study [13]. Additional analysis of a larger sample size from multiple institutions should be performed to validate these findings. Dugi et al even proposed a subclassification of grade IV renal trauma to help decide between non operative management (grade 4a – low risk) and early surgery or angiographic embolization (grade 4b – high risk) based on the presence or absence of a series of important radiographic risk factors, including perirenal hematoma, intravascular contrast extrasavation and renal laceration complexity [33]. This discussion is in accordance with the revision proposed to updated the AAST OIS for renal trauma [34]. Actually, the classification is based primarily on parenchymal laceration depth and the presence or absence of vascular injury [33]. Tucidinostat research buy It is necessary this revision to eliminate existing confusion and inaccurate renal staging by creating a precise and complete renal staging classification to guide clinical management and to facilitate renal trauma research,

particularly in grades IV and V [34]. Also, the functional outcome of renal trauma based on the initial radiological evaluation would help us avoid multiple time and cost consuming procedures to salvage a nonfunctional kidney [14]. Future alterations in the current classification of renal injury gravity would be advanced by

imaging diagnostic methods that would allow the identification of extravasation of contrast in arterial segments, quantitative measures of the volume of the hematoma and other variables that would predict, in a more precise manner, the results of renal trauma [29]. Information about evaluation of renal function after trauma could be included in revision of AAST providing additional strength to the injury scale as an instrument to predict clinical outcomes after renal trauma. The complications that may arise from non-operative management of renal trauma include: urinoma, perinephritic abscess, delayed hemorrhage and arterial hypertension Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 [29, 30]. Some authors who assessed the Vactosertib incidence and prevalence of post-traumatic renal hypertension [35–41], with different times of follow-up, have commented on the factors related to the etiology of arterial hypertension [19, 42–45]. Monstrey et al [19]., who studied 622 patients with renal trauma to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of posttraumatic arterial hypertension, did not observe any increase in the incidence of arterial hypertension. They found no definitive relation between hypertension and renal trauma.