There was no evidence of publication bias except for HBeAg clearance rate. The results of the current meta-analysis indicate that HBV genotype B patients receiving interferon therapy respond better to treatment compared with genotype C patients, but this needs to be further examined. “
“Among multiple isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) oxidase expressed in the

liver, the phagocytic NOX2 isoform in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been demonstrated to play a key learn more role in liver fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NOX1, a nonphagocytic form of NADPH oxidase, in the development of fibrosis using Nox1-deficient mice (Nox1KO). Liver injury and fibrosis were induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride in Nox1KO and wildtype littermate

mice (WT). Primary HSCs were isolated to characterize the NOX1-induced signaling cascade involved in liver fibrogenesis. Following BDL, a time-dependent increase check details in NOX1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was demonstrated in WT liver. Compared with those in WT, levels of collagen-1α mRNA and hydroxyproline were significantly suppressed in Nox1KO with a reduced number of activated HSCs and less severe fibrotic lesions. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of HSCs activation, were similar in cultured HSCs isolated from both genotypes. However, cell proliferation was significantly attenuated in HSCs isolated from Nox1KO. In these cells, the expression of p27kip1, a cell cycle suppressor, was significantly up-regulated. Concomitantly, a significant reduction MCE公司 in phosphorylated forms of Akt and forkhead box O (FOXO) 4, a downstream effector of Akt that regulates the transcription of p27kip1 gene, was demonstrated in Nox1KO. Finally, the level of the oxidized inactivated form of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt pathway, was significantly attenuated in HSCs of Nox1KO. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species derived

from NOX1/NADPH oxidase oxidize and inactivate PTEN to positively regulate the Akt/FOXO4/p27kip1 signaling pathway. NOX1 may thus promote proliferation of HSCs and accelerate the development of fibrosis following BDL-induced liver injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;) Liver fibrosis, characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a wound-healing response to acute or chronic liver injury. Chronic hepatitis viral infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are among the etiological factors documented in the development of liver fibrosis.1, 2 Upon acute or chronic injury, the liver undergoes an injury/repair process accompanied by an inflammatory response and deposition of ECM. During the progression of fibrosis, apoptosis is promoted and inflammatory cells are increasingly recruited, which can further worsen the liver function and tissue damage. In the fibrotic process, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major source of ECM.