These suggested that rat spinal cord could express FSH, it is also a target organ of FSH; FSH might exert functions

through its receptor by paracrine or autocrine effects; GnRH in spinal cord might regulate FSH positive neurons through GnRH receptor; FSH might inhibit ischemia induced GSK1210151A neuron apoptosis by down-regulating Fas expression in spinal cord.”
“In this study, we investigated whether phloroglucinol (1, 3, 5 – trihydroxybenzene) has therapeutic effects in cellular and animal model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the second most common, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, and is clinically characterized with motor dysfunctions such as bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, gait impairment, and resting tremor. In the brains of PD patients, dopaminergic neuronal loss is observed in the Substantia nigra. Although the exact mechanisms underlying PD are largely unknown, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are thought to

be critical factors that induce the onset of the disease. Here, phloroglucinol administration was shown to attenuate motor functional deficits evaluated with rota-rod and apomorphine-induced rotation tests in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD animal models. Moreover, phloroglucinol ameliorated the loss of synapses as assessed with

protein levels and selleck products immunoreactivity against synaptophysin in the midbrain check details region of the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In addition, in SH-SY5Y cultures, the cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA was reduced by pre-treatment with phloroglucinol. The increase in the reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation and 8-hydroxyguanine caused by treatment with 6-OHDA was attenuated by phloroglucinol in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, phloroglucinol treatment rescued the reduced levels of nuclear Nrf2, antioxidant enzymes, i.e., catalase and glutathione peroxidase, in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Taken together, phloroglucinol has a therapeutic potential for treatment of PD.”
“A planar x-ray source using gated carbon nanotube (CNT) emitters was developed. In the diode structure measurement, the turn-on electric field of the CNT cathode was approximately 1.2V/mu m. In the triode structure measurement, characteristic x-ray peaks of Cu and bremsstrahlung x-rays were observed. The maximum energies of the bremsstrahlung x-rays were in agreement with anode voltages. Pulse x-rays synchronized with pulsed gate voltages. Clear x-ray transmission images with high spatial resolution <= 165 mu m were obtained. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.neu.edu/10.1116/1.