Two ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and evaluated as pre-catalyst for the FFA-esterification first step. A 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-imidazolium hydrogensulfate (MSBIMHSO4) showed a higher FFA conversion than the pyrazolium IL of 1-methyl-2-(4-sulfobutyl)-pyrazolium hydrogensulfate
(MSBPHSO4). A 96.7% FFA conversion was achieved at the optimal conditions of 3.8 wt% of MSBIMHSO4, molar ratio of 12:1 methanol:CCO, 130 degrees C, and 600 rpm agitation rate for 2 h. In the second step, KOH-transesterification reaction of the esterified CCO was performed at 60 degrees C, 6:1 mole ratio of methanol:oil, and 600 rpm in a reaction system containing 1.0 wt% of catalyst for 50 min. The final yield in 98.8% revealed that the process proposed for novel CCO in this study led to a tolerable biodiesel, meeting the ASTM requirements for KPT-330 its utilization as a fuel. Furthermore, this new dual step catalyzed process could solve the old homogeneous-catalyzed processes drawbacks. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of the research was to evaluate the results of NDT-Bobath method in gait re-education of adult patients after ischemic stroke using normalized
Selleck BMS202 parameters of gait. The investigation group consisted of 60 patients, all sufferers of an ischemic stroke, and participated in a rehabilitation program: 10 sessions of NDT-Bobath therapy through 2 weeks (ten days of the therapy). Normalized parameters of gait were calculated based on anthropometric measures of patients and their gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence and stride length) measured in every patient on admission (before the therapy) and after the last session of the therapy to assess rehabilitation effects. Results among patients involved in the research were as follows:
in normalized gait velocity: recovery in 42 cases (70%), relapse in 10 cases (16,67%), no measurable changes in 8 cases GSI-IX (13.33%)
in normalized cadence: recovery in 39 cases
(65%), relapse in 16 cases (26.67%), no measurable changes in 5 cases (8.33%)
in normalized stride length: recovery in 50 cases (83.33%), relapse in 4 cases (6.67%), no measurable changes in 6 cases (10%).
Observed statistically significant and favourable changes in health status of patients, described by normalized gait parameters, confirm effectiveness of the NDT-Bobath method.”
“Purpose: DAS-77 is a phytomedicine that contains the dried bark of Mangifera indica and root of Carica papaya. This study investigated the antiulcer effects of DAS-77 in rats.
Methods: DAS-77 was administered orally twice daily for five consecutive days at doses of 50 – 400 mg/kg. Ulcer was induced in rats with ethanol, indomethacin, pylorus ligation (PL) and cold restraint stress (CRS). Ulcer scores were recorded based on examination of excised stomachs.