4 to .00156 mg ml-1 at 37°C for 1 h. The cells were peletted at 1,000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was collected to determine the absorbance at 450 nm using a UV Visible Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu). In negative control sets, erythrocyte suspension and PBS buffer was used whereas in positive controls, lysis buffer was used for completely

lysing the erythrocytes. The percentage haemolysis was calculated and plotted against the concentration of ACP to determine the dose cytotoxic to human erythrocytes. The percentage of intact erythrocytes was calculated using the following formula. Haemagglutination activity assay In view of the findings that dialyzed concentrate exhibits haemagglutination www.selleckchem.com/products/elafibranor.html activity [72], a serial 2-fold dilution of a solution of ACP (6.4 to 0.0001 mg ml-1) was added in microtitre plates, wherein 100 μl was mixed with 100 μl of a 2.0% suspension of human red blood cells in PBS (pH 7.2) at 20°C. The results were observed after learn more about 1 h when the blank without

dialyzed concentrate was fully sedimented to inspect whether the red blood cells had agglutinated in response to the antifungal protein. Amino acid sequencing The corresponding protein band that showed the zone of inhibition against Candida albicans was electro blotted to a 0.45 μm Immobilon-P transfer membrane (Millipore). After blotting at 100 mA for overnight, the membrane was removed carefully from the cassette, washed three times with MilliQ water to remove glycine, and then stained for 30 sec with a freshly prepared solution of 0.1% see more Coomasie

brilliant blue R-250 in 40% methanol and 1.0% acetic acid. The blot was then destained in 50% methanol until bands were visible and background clear. The PVDF membrane was then dried sandwiched between clean tissue papers. The stained band of interest was tightly cut out and washed six times in MillQ water and subjected to Edman degradation. The N-terminal sequencing Oxymatrine was performed on a Protein sequencer, Model 494 Procise (Applied Biosystems, USA) with 140 C analyzer at Protein Sequencing Facility, IOWA State University, USA. The primary amino acid sequence obtained was entered into BLAST to search for peptides with similar sequences. Mass spectrometry The purified antimicrobial peptide was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry by using a 4000 Q TRAP Mass Spectrometer (Proteomics International, Nedlands Australia) equipped with an ion source with visualization optics and an N2 laser (337 nm). Protein samples were trypsin digested and peptides extracted according to standard techniques [73]. All digestion reactions were done in 50 mmol NH4HCO3 (pH 8.5) at room temperature and with an enzyme-to-peptide ratio of 1:40 (wt/wt). Peptides were analyzed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry using the Ultimate 3000 nano HPLC system [Dionex] coupled to a 4000 Q TRAP mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems) with a capillary cap voltage of 1,750 V.