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“Background and aim: The majority of avalanche victims who sustain complete burial die within 35 min due to asphyxia and injuries. After 35 min, survival is possible only in the presence of a patent airway, and an accompanying air pocket around the face may improve survival. At this stage hypothermia is assumed to be an important factor for survival because rapid cooling decreases oxygen consumption; if deep hypothermia develops before cardiac arrest, hypothermia may be protective and prolong the time that cardiac arrest can be survived. The aim of the study was to investigate
the combined effects of hypoxia, selleck chemicals hypercapnia and hypothermia in a porcine model of avalanche burial.
Methods: Eight piglets were anaesthetised, intubated and buried under snow, randomly assigned to an air pocket (n = 5) or ambient air (n = 3) group.
Results: Mean cooling rates in the first 10 min of burial were -19.7 +/- 4.7 degrees C h(-1) in the air pocket group and -13.0 +/- 4.4 degrees C h(-1) in the ambient air group (P = 0.095); overall cooling rates between baseline and AZD1480 order asystole were -4.7 +/- 1.4 degrees C h(-1) and -4.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C h(-1) (P = 0.855), respectively. In the air pocket group cardiac output (P = 0.002), arterial oxygen partial pressure (P = 0.001), arterial pH (P = 0.002) and time to asystole (P =
0.025) were lower, while arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (P = 0.007) and serum potassium (P = 0.042) were higher compared to the ambient air group.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that hypothermia may develop in the early phase of avalanche burial and severe asphyxia may occur even in the presence of an air pocket. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two new diterpenoids, ent-7 alpha-acetoxy-15-beyeren-18-oic acid and (13S,15S)-6 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha,19-tetrahydroxy-13 beta,16-cyclo-8-abietene-11,14-dione, have
been isolated from Plectranthus saccatus and Plectranthus porcatus, respectively, and their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. The new diterpenes showed no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans (yeast strain). Among Gram-positive bacteria, the lower MIC value was 62.50 mu g/ml for the abietane derivative against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. (C) 2010 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. this website All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: To identify the scope and the characteristics of fall-related traumas in urgent care centers in Sergipe, Brazil and to verify potential associations among the following variables: gender, age, and where the event occurred.
METHOD: This descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted in the urgent care centers of two public referral hospitals in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. The data collection was conducted in November 2010, after approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee, through a structured interview with a sample of 509 fall victims.