Here we identified circumstances wherein highly accurate recognition was unaccompanied by hallmark features of explicit memory. When memory for kaleidoscopes was tested using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition test with similar foils, recognition was enhanced by an attentional manipulation at encoding
known to degrade explicit memory. Moreover, explicit recognition was most accurate when the awareness of retrieval was absent. These dissociations between accuracy and phenomenological features of explicit memory are consistent with the notion that 3 correct responding resulted from experience-dependent enhancements of perceptual fluency with specific stimuli – the putative mechanism for perceptual priming effects in implicit memory tests. This mechanism may contribute to recognition performance in a variety of frequently-employed testing circumstances. Our results thus argue for a novel view of recognition, in that analyses of its neurocognitive foundations must take into account the potential for both (1) recognition mechanisms allied with implicit memory and (2) recognition mechanisms allied with explicit memory.”
“Aims: To identify specific sequences in the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare not shared by Flavobacterium johnsoniae. Methods and Results: Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to selectively amplify and clone F. columnare-specific sequences. A highly virulent
strain of F. columnare was used as tester and the type strain of F. johnsoniae was used as driver. After library construction, 192 clones were selected and sequenced. From those, 110 clones contained unique F. columnare-specific sequences that were verified using dot blot hybridization. Sequence sizes ranged from 55 to 872 bp with 45 363 bp sequenced in total.
Conclusions:
Specific F. columnare sequences representing all but one (motility related) functional categories were annotated. Several putative virulence factors were identified in F. columnare such as a collagenase, a chondroitinase, proteases, as well as drug resistance and iron transport-related genes.
Significance and Impact of the Study: Suppressive subtractive hybridization is a cost-effective method for identifying genetic differences between Flavobacterium spp. The number of sequences available from F. columnare has been doubled.”
“Aims: To assess the effect of two lactobacilli on the biological activity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in vitro.
Methods and Results: Strains CIDCA 133 (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis) and CIDCA 83114 (Lactobacillus plantarum) were studied. Hep-2 cells were used as an in vitro model to assess the biological effect of a clinical isolate of EHEC. Preincubation of cell monolayers with lactobacilli before EHEC prevented detachment of eukaryotic cells and minimizes both F-actin rearrangements and morphological alterations. Interestingly, the protective effect could not be ascribed to pathogen exclusion.