Nano Biomed Eng 2013,5(1):1–10. 43. Sonay AY, Keseroğlu K, Culha M: 2D gold nanoparticle structures engineered through DNA tiles for delivery, therapy. Nano Biomed Eng 2012,4(1):17–22.CrossRef 44. Zhang LM, Xia K, Bai YY, Lu ZY, Tang YJ, Deng Y, He NY: Synthesis of gold nanorods and their functionalization with bovine serum

albumin for optical hyperthermia. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2014, 10:1440–1449.CrossRef 45. Jin L, Zeng X, Liu M, Deng Y, He NY: Current progress in gene delivery technology based on chemical methods and nano-carriers. Theranostics 2014,4(3):240–255.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions WC, WK, ZLX and WYT carried out clincial specimen collection. WC and LQ drafted the manuscript. BC and LS carried out the in vitro cell experiment. DC, LQ and NJ participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. FH and DM treated the data; LC prepared the FMNPs; BC and selleck chemical CC finished the animal experiment. All authors read and

approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Advanced this website oxidation processes (AOPs) based on highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals have been developed to degrade organic pollutants into harmless water and carbon dioxide [1–3]. Various organic pollutants such as organic dyes [4], microcystins [5], phenol and its derivatives [6], biological-resistant pharmaceuticals [7], and landfill leachate [8] can be decomposed through AOPs. Fenton process, which uses dissolved ferrous salt as a homogeneous catalyst to produce hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide, is one of the pioneering works in AOPs. However, homogeneous Fenton catalysts exhibit good performance only when pH < 3.0 because high acidic environment is necessary to prevent the precipitation of ferrous and ferric ions [8–10].

Furthermore, homogeneous Fenton catalysts can hardly be recycled [11, 12], and a large amount of iron sludge is generated in the process. To overcome these drawbacks, recyclable STA-9090 heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts have been developed, including Fe3O4[13, 14], BiFeO3[15], FeOCl [16], LiFe(WO4)2[17], iron-loaded zeolite [4, 18], iron-containing clay [19], and carbon-based materials [20, 21]. Comparing to homogeneous Fenton catalyst, these heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts can degrade the organic pollutants in a wider pH range [11, 12, 15]. Moreover, the click here heterogeneous catalysts based on particles can be recycled by filtration, precipitation, centrifuge, and magnetic field [4, 10, 11]. However, the catalytic activities of the heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts were comparatively low for the practical applications [12, 15, 16]. Nanometer-sized catalysts have been tried to improve the activities, but nano-catalysts require complicated processes for synthesis, prevention of nanoparticle agglomeration, and size/shape control. In addition, recycle of nano-catalysts by filtration, precipitation, and centrifuge methods is difficult.