The relativistic electron energy is related to the polariton group velocity, which is close to the velocity of light in this case. The plasma pulse is polarized, and the electron number in the pulse is estimated as being proportional to the square root of the laser intensity and the 3/2-power of the pulse size.
It is shown that Compton (Thomson) backscattering by such polaritonic pulses of electrons may produce coherent X- and gamma rays, as a consequence of the quasirigidity of the electrons inside the polaritonic pulses and their relatively large number. The classical results of the Compton scattering are re-examined in this context, the energy of the scattered photons and their cross-section are analyzed, especially for backscattering, the great enhancement of the scattered flux of X-or gamma rays due to the coherence effect is highlighted and numerical estimates are given for some typical situations. Caspase activation (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3530599]“
“As a part of understanding the hydrolysis of cured urea formaldehyde (UF) resins that has been known as responsible for the formaldehyde emission, leading to sick building syndrome, selleck screening library this study attempted
to investigate the morphology and to detect chemical elements of the cured UF resins of different formaldehyde/urea (F/ U) mole ratios and hardener (NH(4)Cl) levels, using field emission-scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Cured UF resins of low F/U mole ratio showed spherical structure whose diameter increased with an increase in the hardener level, whereas this was not observed for high F/U mole ratio UF resins regardless of the hardener levels. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy results showed five different chemical elements such as carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen, chloride, and sodium in cured UF resins. The chloride distribution assumed as the presence of residual acid in the cured UF resins suggested that the hydrolysis of cured UF resins could initiate at the sites of chlorides on the surface of the spherical structures. As the hardener level increased, the quantities of both carbon and oxygen decreased, whereas those of nitrogen and chloride increased as expected. But the quantity of sodium was within measurement JNK-IN-8 error. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 1475-1482, 2011″
“Materials and methods: 56 mice and 40 rats were divided into four groups. Histamine and histamine-irradiated groups received a daily subcutaneous histamine injection (0.1 mg/kg) starting 24 h before irradiation. Irradiated groups received a single dose on whole-body using Cesium-137 source and were sacrificed three days after irradiation. We evaluated the number of medullar components, bone marrow trophism, oedema, vascular damage, and other histological characteristics and also proliferation markers by immunohistochemistry.