“
“Background We assessed the association between the duration of diarrhoea and the risk ofpneumonia incidence among children <5 years of age.

Methods We analysed data from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan, which assessed

the effect of promoting hand washing with soap (antibacterial and plain) on child health. Field workers visited households with children < 5 years of age weekly and asked primary caregivers if their child had diarrhoea, cough or difficulty breathing in the preceding week. We used the WHO clinical case definitions for diarrhoea and pneumonia.We used adjusted time-to-event analyses with cumulative check details diarrhoea prevalence over the previous 2 and 4 weeks as exposure and pneumonia as outcome. Dihydrotestosterone mw We calculated the attributable risk of pneumonia due to recent diarrhoea across the intervention groups.

Results 873 households with children < 5 years were visited. Children had an increased risk of pneumonia for every additional day of diarrhoea in the 2 weeks (1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.09)

and 4 weeks (1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06) prior to the week of pneumonia onset. The attributable risk of pneumonia cases due to recent exposure to diarrhoea was 6%. A lower associated pneumonia risk following diarrhoea was found in the control group: (3%) compared with soap groups (6% in antibacterial soap, 9% in plain soap).

Conclusion Children < 5 years of age are at an increased risk of pneumonia following recent diarrhoeal illness. Public health programmes that prevent diarrhoea may also reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses.”
“Quantitative proteomics based on 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with peptide mass

fingerprinting selleck kinase inhibitor is still one of the most widely used quantitative proteomics approaches in microbiology research. Our view on the exploitation of this global expression analysis technique and its contribution and potential to push forward the field of molecular microbial physiology towards a molecular systems microbiology perspective is discussed in this article. The advances registered in 2-DE-based quantitative proteomic analysis leading to increased protein resolution, sensitivity and accuracy, and the promising use of 2-DE to gain insights into post-translational modifications at a proteome-wide level (considering all the proteins/protein forms expressed by the genome) are focused on. Given the progress made in this field, it is foreseen that the 2-DE-based approach to quantitative proteomics will continue to be a fundamental tool for microbiologists working at a genome-wide scale. Guidelines are also provided for the exploitation of expression proteomics data, based on useful computational tools, and for the integration of these data with other genome-wide expression information.

All rights reserved.”
“Aim: The present study aims to determine the association

of periodontal disease (identified early in pregnancy) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a North Indian population. Material and Methods: A total of 340 primigravida women, aged 2035 years with single see more live pregnancy were recruited at 1420 weeks period of gestation from the antenatal clinic. These women had undergone periodontal examination at time of recruitment. The pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Results: Out of 340 primigravida women, 147 (43.23%) women had gingivitis and 61 (17.94%) women had periodontitis. Periodontitis was found to be significantly associated with pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birthweight with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 7.48 (2.7222.42), 3.35 (1.209.55), 2.72 (1.305.68) and 3.03 (1.535.97), respectively. Conclusions: The study shows a significant association between periodontitis

(but not with gingivitis) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, intrauterine IWR-1-endo inhibitor growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birthweight infants.”
“Because of its benefits to soil and crops, sewage sludge application on agricultural soils is a managing practice of increasing use. However, this practice may lead to contamination of the food chain, especially by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The main objective of this study was to

integrate probabilistic multimedia models to predict the accumulation of POPs in the learn more food chain and the related risks to humans, as a consequence of sludge application on soil. For that, four models were integrated: (i) soil fate, (ii) plant, (iii) food chain and (iv) exposure and risk. These models were applied for two scenarios (occupational and non-occupationally exposed populations) in a time span of 30 years. The variability of the inputs and outputs was also considered. The model was applied to a case-study of 4 POPs (2,3,7,8TCDD, PCB 180, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) in an agricultural soil located in Catalonia (NE of Spain). Some differences in cancer risk due to POP exposure were appreciated between both evaluated scenarios. However, all values were below the threshold levels. With the exception of 2,3,7,8TCDD, all the contaminants reached steady state on soil in the first five years of the evaluation. Concentration levels in food (vegetables, meat and milk) were linearly correlated to those in soils. Air inhalation was noted to be an occupational exposure route of minor importance. Sensitivity analysis for 2,3,7,8TCDD showed that exposure parameters were responsible for most of the variability in the results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methods: A population-based birth cohort of 465 children aged between 0 and 4 years was followed for a 2-year LGX818 inhibitor period (1996 to 1998), and cases of CSOM were registered based on medical history and clinical examinations. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for estimations of cumulative risk and Cox regression analyses for hazard rates associated with risk factors.

Results: Cumulative risk of CSOM at 4 years of age was 14%, and median age at debut was 336 days. Risk factors were attending childcare centers (hazard ratio [HR] : 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.53-6.61), having smokers

in the household (HR: 4.56, 95% CI: 1.07-19.4), having a mother who reported a history of purulent ear discharge (3.27, 95% CI: 1.74-6.13), having a high burden of upper respiratory tract

infections (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.37), and being Inuit (HR: 5.56, 95% CI: 0.78-50).

Conclusions: Greenlandic children have high rates of CSOM with debut early in life, but the identified risk factors and the associated population-attributable risks indicate that preventive measures regarding use of childcare centers and passive smoking may reduce the high frequency of CSOM in this high-risk population.”
“The investigation of Al2O3 doped indium zinc oxide (83 cation % In-17 cation % Zn), denoted Al2O3-IZO, shows that the conductivity of certain amorphous Al2O3-IZO Trk receptor inhibitor samples can be 752 S cm(-1) with a mobility of 26.5 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), 4 times higher than that of IZO (190 Scm(-1)) with an industrial standard indium and zinc atomic ratio of 83/17. Furthermore, by increasing Al2O3 content, strangely, Al2O3 doped IZO samples exhibit an unexpected high mobility trend for some of the Al2O3-IZO samples and a transport property change from semiconductor to metallic mechanism. The presence of minimum resistivity in the resistivity-temperature curve, denoted metal-semiconductor transition, is observed and interpreted through the quantum corrections to conductivity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3605547]“
“We analyze, for the first time, the early signal

transduction pathways triggered by methyl jasmonate (MJ) and cyclodextrins (CDs) in BAY 73-4506 in vivo tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell cultures, paying particular attention to changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](cyt)), the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), and late events like the induction of capsidiol. Our data indicate that MJ and CDs trigger a [Ca2+](cyt) rise promoted by Ca2+ influx through Ca2+-permeable channels. The joint presence of MJ and CDs provokes a first increase in [Ca2+](cyt) similar to that observed in MJ-treated cells, followed by a second peak similar to that found in the presence of CDs alone. Moreover, oxidative burst induced by MJ is more pronounced when tobacco cells are incubated with CDs alone or in combination with MJ.

These have laid a theoretical foundation for its application to enhance oil recovery. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 953-961, 2011″
“Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by spiking fever, KU-57788 DNA Damage inhibitor evanescent rash, arthritis, serositis, and liver involvement. Although autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been reported in association with various autoimmune diseases, AOSD-associated AIH is rare. We herein report an unusual case of AIH in a patient with AOSD.”
“We aimed to evaluate the effects of a gluten-free diet on growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and asymptomatic, biopsy-proven

celiac disease (CD). Each case of CD was compared to two children with DM and no CD. We studied

weight, height, and hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) up to 12 months pre- and post- CD diagnosis in 29 cases and 58 controls. The change in body mass index (Delta BMI Z-score) see more over 2 years was significantly higher in CD cases vs. controls (mean +/- SD 0.33 +/- 0.74 vs. -0.08 +/- 0.46; p = 0.023). However, BMI Z-score did not change in CD patients diagnosed with DM for > 1 year. Mean HgbA1c was similar between groups throughout the study. In conclusion, children with asymptomatic CD and DM do not have significant changes in BMI, height Z-score or metabolic control 1 year post-diagnosis.”
“In this work, we analyzed tensile properties of polypropylene-multiwalled Autophagy Compound Library cost carbon nonotubes composite fibers. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) were used in different contents of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt %. Dispersing agents were used

to disperse MWCNTs in polypropylene matrix. After the dispersing agent was removed, the mixture was melt mixed. The fibers were spun by a home-made melt spinning equipment and stretching was done at a draw ratio of 7.5. By using 1-5 wt % of MWCNTs, the modulus of composite fibers increased by 69-84% and tensile strength increased about 39% when compared with the virgin polypropylene fibers. In addition, the MWCNTs dispersion in the matrix was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 962-967, 2011″
“Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) is a rare dermatological condition presenting as erythematous plaques. It may be associated with drug-related adverse reactions and autoimmune diseases. Recent cases of IGD have been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with biologic agents. We report a case of RA patient with persistent erythematous plaques who did not respond to traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs with a persistent skin condition of erythematous plaque eruptions.

9 cm/year and +2.9 SD score (SDS), respectively (P < 0.001 versus healthy children). Mean adult height amounted to -0.5 +/- 1.1 SDS and -1.0 +/- 1.3 SDS in prepubertal and pubertal patients and was within the normal range (>-2 SD) in 94% and 80% of them. Multiple regression analysis revealed age and standardized height at KTx as independent predictors of adult height (model r2 = 0.48). Overall

graft survival at 5 and 10 years was 92% and 71%, respectively. Steroid withdrawal during month 46 after KTx in prepubertal patients results in an adult height within the normal range, whereas catch-up growth is limited in pubertal patients.”
“Pelvic angiomatosis is a very rare cause of obstructive labor.

A 26-year-old P2 L2 had two AG-881 chemical structure cesarean sections for recurrent obstructed labor due to a large pelvic mass. Investigations after the first cesarean section suggested a benign nature of the mass for which she was advised surgical resection, but she refused due to social reasons. Tumor had pelvic and extrapelvic part extending through obturator foramen into the right thigh. Resection of the pelvic part by abdominoperineal

approach led to a profusely bleeding bed which was managed by ligation of bilateral internal iliac artery. Resection of extrapelvic part was attempted but it was abandoned due to hemodynamic instability of the patient.

Patient is asymptomatic and is having a relatively static residual extrapelvic part of pelvic tumor for last 2 years.

Pelvic angiomatosis is a very rare condition but should be considered PS-095760 and ruled out in case of a pelvic mass of uncertain origin. MRI plays

an important role in the initial diagnosis, in surgical planning and in the follow-up in order to detect recurrences. Surgical resection should be as conservative as possible, balancing the need for complete surgical extirpation with the morbidity of the procedure.”
“Background. Researches have recently reported that serum cystatin C is a more sensitive marker of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine. We conducted this study Geneticin supplier to evaluate the significance of serum cystatin C as a more sensitive marker of GFR for early detection of renal impairment in special groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. The present study included 40 patients with type 2 DM divided into four equal groups based on their urinary albumin excretion and renal function: group 1 was normoalbuminuric, group 2 was microalbuminuric, group 3 was macroalbuminuric, and group 4 was macroalbuminuric with renal dysfunction. All patients underwent a thorough history, full clinical examination, fasting, and renal function tests. Post-prandial blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proteins, albumin in 24 hr urine, and serum cystatin C were collected. Results. Serum cystatin C and creatinine were significantly higher in macroalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with renal dysfunction (group 4: 2.26 +/- 1.28, 4.21 +/- 2.

This article will review new molecular targets for the treatment of CRC and discuss possible implications for clinical therapy. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IAA and ABA in the shoot-to-root regulation of the expression of the main Fe-stress physiological root responses in cucumber plants subjected to shoot Fe functional deficiency. Changes in the expression of the genes CsFRO1, CsIRT1, CsHA1 and CsHA2 (coding for Fe(III)-chelate reductase (FCR), the Fe(II) transporter and H(+)-ATPase, respectively) and in the

enzyme activity GF120918 of FCR and the acidification capacity were measured. We studied first the ability of exogenous applications of IAA and ABA to induce these Fe-stress root responses in plants grown in Fe-sufficient conditions. The results showed that IAA was able to activate these responses at the transcriptional and functional levels, whereas the results with ABA were less conclusive. Thereafter, we explored the role of IAA in plants with or without shoot Fe functional deficiency in the presence of two types of IAA inhibitors, affecting either IAA polar transport (TIBA) or IAA functionality (PCIB). The results showed that IAA is involved in the regulation at the transcriptional and functional

levels of both Fe root acquisition (FCR, Fe(II) transport) and rhizosphere acidification (H(+)-ATPase), although through different, and probably

complementary, mechanisms. These results suggest that IAA is involved NSC 23766 in the shoot-to-root regulation of the expression of Fe-stress physiological root responses. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“The optical efficiency of GaN-based multiple quantum well (MQW) and light emitting diode (LED) structures grown on Si(111) substrates by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy was measured and compared with equivalent structures on sapphire. The crystalline quality of the LED structures was comprehensively characterized using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and plan-view LY3023414 transmission electron microscopy. A room temperature photoluminescence (PL) internal quantum efficiency (IQE) as high as 58% has been achieved in an InGaN/GaN MQW on Si, emitting at 460 nm. This is the highest reported PL-IQE of a c-plane GaN-based MQW on Si, and the radiative efficiency of this sample compares well with similar structures grown on sapphire. Processed LED devices on Si also show good electroluminescence (EL) performance, including a forward bias voltage of similar to 3.5 V at 20 mA and a light output power of 1 mW at 45 mA from a 500 x 500 mu m(2) planar device without the use of any additional techniques to enhance the output coupling.

Lipid

treatment guidelines around the world promoted the recognition of HDL-C as a therapeutic target, especially in high-risk patients. Some post hoc analyses from randomized controlled MK-1775 in vitro trials also suggest that raising HDL-C beneficially affects the risk of CVD. However, a number of recent randomized studies putatively designed to test the “”HDL hypothesis”" have failed to show benefit. The results of these trials have caused many clinicians to question whether HDL-C is a legitimate therapeutic target. In response to the many questions and uncertainties raised by the results of these trials, the National Lipid Association convened an expert panel to evaluate the current status of HDL-C as a therapeutic target; to review the current

state of knowledge of HDL particle structure, composition, and function; and to identify the salient questions yet to be answered about the role of HDL in either preventing or contributing to atherosclerotic disease. The expert panel’s conclusions and clinical recommendations are summarized herein. The panel concludes that, although low HDL-C identifies patients at elevated risk, and much investigation suggests that HDL may play a variety of antiatherogenic roles, HDL-C is not a therapeutic target at the present time. Risk stratified atherogenic lipoprotein burden (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non HDL-C) should remain the primary and secondary targets of therapy in patients at risk, as described by established guidelines. The National Lipid Association emphasizes that rigorous research BI 10773 solubility dmso into the biology and clinical significance of low HDL-C should continue. The development of novel drugs designed to modulate the serum levels and functionality of HDL particles should also continue. On the basis of an enormous

check details amount of basic scientific and clinical investigation, a considerable number of reasons support the need to continue to investigate the therapeutic effect of modulating HDL structure and function. (C) 2013 National Lipid Association. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: To examine the radiographic pattern of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Saudi Arabia and the relation of these findings to demographic and microbiological data.

DESIGN: A retrospective hospital-based series of patients with culture-positive PTB.

RESULTS: Among 168 cases of culture-positive PTB identified, 97 (57.7%) were males and 71 females (42.3%); 136 (81%) were Saudis and 19% were non-Saudis. The mean age was 52.3 +/- 19.2 years: nine (5.4%) were children aged <= 18 years and 64 (38.1%) were adults aged >60 years. Overall, 121 (78%) had upper lobe infiltrates, 35 (19.7%) had cavitary lesions and 33 (19.6%) had both upper lobe infiltrate and cavitation. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were each present in 11.3% of the patients. Patients aged >60 years were less likely to have upper lobe infiltrate (38/64, 59.40%) compared to children (7/9, 77.

Histopathological examination of rabbit vaginas from the control and treated groups revealed normal histology of the vagina and cervix. Based on the in vitro evaluation of prepared formulations, the in situ gelling liquid formulated with PF-127/PF-68 (20/10 %, m/m) was selected for further clinical evaluation.”
“Understanding lipid metabolism and its regulation requires information concerning the rates at which lipids are produced within the body, absorbed (dietary lipids) into the body, transported within the body, and utilized by various tissues. This article focuses on the use of stable isotope-labeled tracers for the quantitative Proteasome inhibitor evaluation of major

pathways of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in humans in vivo. Adipose tissue lipolysis and free fatty acid appearance in plasma, fatty acid tissue uptake and oxidation, and hepatic VLDL triglyceride JPH203 inhibitor secretion are among the metabolic pathways that can be studied by using stable isotope-labeled tracers, and will be discussed in detail. The methodology has been in use for many years and is constantly being refined. A variety of tracers

and analytical approaches are available and can be used; knowing the advantages, assumptions and limitations of each is essential for the planning of studies and the interpretation of data, which may provide unique insights into human lipid metabolism.”
“Background: Effective malaria control has successfully reduced the malaria burden in many countries, but to eliminate malaria, these countries will need to further improve their control efforts. Here, a malaria control programme was critically evaluated in a very low-endemicity Thai-Myanmar border population, where early detection and prompt treatment have substantially reduced, though not ended, Plasmodium falciparum transmission, in part due to carriage of late-maturing gametocytes that remain post-treatment. To counter this effect, the WHO recommends the use of a single oral dose

of primaquine along with an effective blood schizonticide. However, while the effectiveness of primaquine as a gametocidal agent is widely documented, the mismatch between primaquine’s short half-life, INCB018424 the long-delay for gametocyte maturation and the proper timing of primaquine administration have not been studied.

Methods: Mathematical models were constructed to simulate 8-year surveillance data, between 1999 and 2006, of seven villages along the Thai-Myanmar border. A simple model was developed to consider primaquine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, gametocyte carriage, and infectivity.

Results: In these populations, transmission intensity is very low, so the P. falciparum parasite rate is strongly linked to imported malaria and to the fraction of cases not treated. Given a 3.

Cardiac output did not change (P = .238). Lung attenuation and subjective score assignment for GGO were significantly correlated with Ppa and Pc’ (P < .001 to .002).

Conclusion: Acute PE induces GGO in unobstructed lung zones. Given constant cardiac output, GGO is likely to be related

to redistribution of blood flow from obstructed to unobstructed BMN 673 cell line lung zones and occurs at a pressure consistent with pulmonary edema. (c) RSNA, 2009″
“An analytic model of deposition is applied on reactive ion beam sputtering to optimize the properties of iron oxide thin films. This model will be able to predict deposition rate and phase contents. Among its hypotheses, we assume oxygen adsorption at the surface of the target to explain variations of deposition rate for oxygen flow. This hypothesis is validated by chemical analyses on iron targets. An ellipsoidal distribution of probability is introduced to model sputtered matter distribution from iron target and to calculate sputtering yield. Comparison between experimental and calculated deposition rates validates previously assumed hypotheses. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. PS 341 [doi: 10.1063/1.3327431]“
“Background: Glycolic acid (GA) is the most commonly

used alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) for dermatologic applications, and is considered as a versatile superficial peeling agent for facial rejuvenation. Its therapeutic effect includes acceleration of epidermal turnover without apparent inflammation,

and its action is pH-dependent. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of GA-induced peeling.

Objective: To investigate the effects of topical application of GA on cell proliferation using a skin equivalent model and to examine the molecular mechanisms of GA-induced peeling.

Methods: GA solution was applied on the Surface Of a skin equivalent model, and cell proliferation was measured by means of BrdU-incorporation and immunohistochemical methods. Release of chemical mediators Such as ATP into the medium was examined. The effects of antagonists of ion channels were also analyzed.

Results: Sapitinib molecular weight At 24 h after GA application, BrdU-incorporation into basal keratinocytes was significantly increased. Induction of keratinocyte proliferation was pH-dependent, and was inhibited by antagonists of TRPV1, an acid-sensitive ion channel. Furthermore, transient ATP release was detected in the Culture medium after GA stimulation, and this was also suppressed by TRPV1 antagonists.

Conclusion: These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of GA-induced epidermal proliferation is a growth response of basal keratinocytes to the local elevation of H(+)-ion concentration by infiltrated GA. This response is mediated by TRPV1 activation and ATP release. Activation of P2 receptors by the released ATP may also be involved. (C) 2009 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

One of the more commonly used methods, which is capable of analysis of a wide range of orthodontic movements or distribution of stress and strain within teeth and periodontium, is the finite element method (FEM). Aiming to achieve the FEM model as close as possible to in vivo conditions, it is necessary to account for accurate material properties. The aim of the present study is to compare particular studies and descriptions of material characteristics of the PDL. The analysis of available articles shows how imperfect modern descriptions of PDL material properties available today are, which in the precise method could

allow the analysis of the occurrences within the 5-Fluoracil inhibitor in vivo processes in a non-destructive manner. The complicated anatomy and physiology of PDL, which incur significant parameter changes with age and disease

susceptibility, make the accurate description of this material so difficult. The available study results show that those characteristics should be precise and complicated, which undoubtedly impedes the calculation processes but generates reliable results.”
“The current systematic review was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the zygote morphology evaluation in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. All available studies reporting on zygote morphology and clinical and/or biological outcomes were analyzed. this website Forty studies were included in the final analysis. Fourteen different zygote scoring systems were employed. Zygote morphology correlated significantly with embryo quality and cleavage, blastocyst stage, embryonic chromosome status, in a high proportion of the

studies which assessed the specific outcome [15/25 (60%), 15/20 (75%), 7/8 (87.5%), 6/6 (100%), respectively]. On the other hand, only a reduced proportion of papers showed a statistically significant relationship between implantation, pregnancy and delivery/live-birth rates and zygote morphology score [12/23 (52.2%), 12/25 (48%), 1/4 (25%), respectively]. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the lack of conclusive data on the clinical efficacy of the zygote morphology evaluation in fresh IVF/ICSI cycles, even if biological results showing a good relationship with embryo viability selleck products suggest a role in cycles in which the transfer/freezing is performed at day 1.”
“Objective: To review reported cases of acute twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic twin pregnancies to help define variants of disease and determine associated factors. Methods: PubMed literature review using the search terms, “”acute”" and “”twin transfusion.”" Articles were reviewed for clinical factors. Reference lists were carefully assessed for any additional articles. In order to rule out sudden progression of chronic TTTS as the cause, gestational age >= 31 weeks was chosen. Cases were classified into subsets of acute TTTS. Results: There were 150 publications from 1942-2010.