A preliminary screening of the most common liquid solvents (silicone oil 20 cSt, silicone oil 200 cSt and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptametilnonane) and solid polymers (Kraton (R). G6157, Desmopan (R) DP9370A and Elvax

(R) 880) resulted in the selection of silicone oil 200 cSt (S200) and Desmopan DP9370A (D9370) for further investigation based on their high affinity for CH(4), biocompatibility and nonbiodegradability.

RESULTS: Under abiotic conditions, the increase in gas recirculation from 0 to 1 vvm in the absence of a transfer vector increased the overall mass transfer coefficient for oxygen (k(L)a) by 195%. The presence check details of S200 and D9370 at 10% (v/v) under operation at 1 vvm of gas recirculation rate mediated an increase in kLa of 100% and 136%, respectively. Likewise, the increase in gas recirculation from 0 to 1 vvm in the absence of a transfer vector and in the presence of S200 during the continuous biodegradation of methane at 3% (v/v) and 7.3 min empty bed residence TH-302 time resulted in increases in CH(4) removal and CO(2) production rates of 47% and 36%, respectively. Nevertheless, no significant enhancement in CH(4)

removal due to the presence of 10% of Desmopan or silicone oil was recorded under operation at 1 vvm.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that microbial activity rather than mass transport could be the limiting step in biological CH(4) abatement in this system, contrary to that observed in previous studies with stirred tank reactors, where the organic phase addition increased methane biodegradation. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective. Acute pyelonephritis is a common infectious disease

in children this website and can result in permanent renal damage. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of inflammation in response to bacterial infection. This study investigated the potential relationship between acute-phase IL-6 and subsequent renal scarring in children with a first time febrile acute pyelonephritis. Material and methods. In total, 79 children (age range 1-120 months) with a first time febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) were included. The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis was confirmed by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scan. Serum and urine samples were collected for IL-6 measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before antibiotic treatment for the infection. Results. The 79 children were divided into acute pyelonephritis (n=45) and lower UTI (n=34) groups according to the findings of DMSA scans. The initial serum and urine IL-6 levels of children with acute pyelonephritis were significantly higher compared with lower UTI (p 0.001). Renal scarring was detected at the follow-up DMSA scans in 15 (34.1%) of the 44 children with acute pyelonephritis. Both serum and urine IL-6 levels during the acute phase of pyelonephritis were significantly higher in children with renal scarring than in those without (p=0.005 and p = 0.002).

Neither each inhibitor nor centrifugation did affect the distribution of mitochondria in interphase blastomeres. However, mitochondria were spun down towards the centrifugal pole in 71% (n=41) of the interphase blastomeres treated with centrifugation following a combination of nocodazole

plus cytochalasin D, suggesting that both microtubules and microfilaments may involve in mitochondrial redistribution during interphase www.selleckchem.com/screening/pfizer-licensed-library.html of the cell cycle. In contrast, when M-phase blastomeres were treated with all drug treatments applied, including cytochalasin D, mitochondria had been usually dislocated in a unipolar cluster, suggesting that microfilaments, not microtubules, may involve in the mitochondrial redistribution during M phase of the cell cycle. The data indicate that microfilaments function in mitochondrial redistribution regardless of the stages of the cell cycle and that microtubules may strongly associate with mitochondria during the interphase but dissociate from them during the M phase.”
“The currently recognized principal forms of periodontitis-chronic and aggressive-lack an unequivocal, pathobiology-based foundation. https://www.selleckchem.com/p38-MAPK.html We explored whether gingival tissue transcriptomes can serve as the basis for an alternative classification of periodontitis. We used cross-sectional whole-genome gene expression data from 241 gingival tissue biopsies obtained from sites with periodontal pathology in 120 systemically healthy

nonsmokers with periodontitis,

with available data on clinical periodontal status, subgingival microbial profiles, and serum IgG antibodies to periodontal microbiota. Adjusted model-based clustering of transcriptomic data using finite mixtures generated two distinct clusters of patients that did not align with the current classification of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Differential expression profiles primarily related to cell proliferation in cluster 1 and to lymphocyte activation and unfolded protein responses in cluster 2. Patients in the two clusters did not differ with respect to age but presented with distinct phenotypes (statistically HDAC inhibitor mechanism significantly different whole-mouth clinical measures of extent/severity, subgingival microbial burden by several species, and selected serum antibody responses). Patients in cluster 2 showed more extensive/severe disease and were more often male. The findings suggest that distinct gene expression signatures in pathologic gingival tissues translate into phenotypic differences and can provide a basis for a novel classification.”
“Contents This study was designed to reveal connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA and protein expression in porcine foetal gonads using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Expression of Cx43 was investigated in porcine foetal ovaries and testes on days 50, 70 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). RT-PCR results indicated that Cx43 mRNA was expressed in both foetal ovaries and testes at all gestational ages examined.

Additionally, the 95% confidence interval for the 30-day effect of embedment duration ruled out a change of more than 20.6% in the hazard of catheter malfunction or infection. Of the studied catheters, 89.3% were patent and functioned properly immediately upon externalization. The remaining 13 catheters (10.7%) lacked patency

on externalization because of fibrin plug or kinking (n = 10) or omental wrap (n = 3); however, 12 of the 13 non-patent catheters were corrected laparoscopically, AZD6738 purchase and the patients resumed PD. Only 1 patient transferred to hemodialysis. Overall, 121 of 122 buried catheters (99.2%) were used for PD. Other complications within 90 days of catheter externalization included incision site and tunnel infection in 2 cases (1.6%), exit-site leak in 2 cases (1.6%), and coagulase-negative staphylococcal peritonitis in 1 case (0.8%).

Conclusions: Duration of catheter embedment before externalization did not affect catheter survival and did not influence subsequent peritoneal membrane transport status. The overall effect of increasing embedment duration by 30 days is, at most, a 20.6% increase or decrease in the hazard of catheter failure, but the actual hazard may be much smaller

or nonexistent. Larger studies are needed to further explore the ideal duration of embedment.”
“It is demonstrated based on continuum mechanics modeling and simulation learn more that it is possible to obtain polycrystalline ceramic ferroelectric (FE) materials which beggar single crystals in electromechanical properties. The local inhomogeneities at the FE domain-scale level due to spontaneous polarization and the underlying anisotropy are taken into consideration in the framework of mathematical homogenization

of physical properties this website in FE materials. The intrinsic randomness of the spatial distribution of polarization is shown to be judiciously employed for the design of better polycrystalline FEs. The noncollinear rotation of the net polarization vectors embedded in crystallites of the ceramic FEs is demonstrated to play the key role in the enhancement of physical properties.”
“Background: The use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been declining over the past decade in Canada, and high technique failure rates have been implicated. Studies have examined clinical risk factors for PD technique failure, but few studies have addressed sociodemographic factors driving technique failure. There are no studies examining the effect of physician factors on technique failure.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Ontario healthcare databases from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 2005 to examine the effects of patient sociodemographic and physician characteristics on PD technique failure. The primary outcome was time to technique failure. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients experiencing technique failure during the first year and the proportion of patients experiencing death during the study period.

This meeting was prompted by the extraordinary advancement made in the field of metabolic and bariatric surgery during the past decade. It was agreed to revise and update the 2008 Interdisciplinary European Guidelines on Surgery of Severe Obesity produced by focusing in particular on the evidence gathered in relation to the effects on diabetes and the changes in the recommendations of patient eligibility criteria. The expert panel allowed the coverage of key disciplines in the comprehensive management

of Captisol Microbiology inhibitor obesity and obesity-associated diseases, aimed specifically at updating the clinical guidelines to reflect current knowledge, expertise and evidence-based data on metabolic and bariatric surgery.”
“This story is a personal journey of two Dutch dermatologists FK506 in vivo pioneering in the field of endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins, illustrating how innovations find their way in medicine and, in particular, in surgical specialties.

After the introduction of these thermal ablative procedures in 2001, we have fully embraced these minimally invasive techniques, and in the process, we have increased our understanding on its mechanism of action and confirmed the clinical relevance of treating varicose veins with endovenous laser ablation. In 2013, thermal ablation is considered a standard of care by physicians as well as patients with varicose veins.”
“BACKGROUND: Nano-sized titanium dioxide has potential as a photocatalyst, and doped variants may have different photocatalytic properties. Nano-titanias with a wide range of dopants and compositions can be prepared using continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS), but when

many samples are made, a large-scale screening test is required to investigate their properties. A range of doped nano-titanias were prepared using a CHFS route, and investigated as powders using a range of photocatalytic test methods. These tests included decolourization of methylene blue (in the presence of oxygen), partial oxidation of a simple alcohol (propan-2-ol) and the degradation of aqueous solutions of dichloroacetic acid. The practicality of the tests for large-scale screening was considered, and the test results were cross-correlated to see if any of them gave similar CB-839 molecular weight ranking for activity of the photocatalysts.

RESULTS: Two of the tests, namely DCA degradation and propan-2-ol, gave similar rank ordering for the nanopowders, while the MB decolourization results did not suggest a strong correlation with any other test. The addition of metal dopants was observed to produce varying results between different dopants and tests.

CONCLUSIONS: Two of the tests, DCA degradation and MB decolourization in visible light, were recommended for further use as screening tests. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may reduce the absorption of iron, but the extent to which this absorption is impeded is largely unknown.

5millisecond. A complete response was noted in 14 patients (44%), and an excellent response was observed in 18 patients (56%) with 1-year follow-up, with only four recurrences. No significant 5-Fluoracil research buy side effects were reported except intense transitory purpuric response. We consider that PDL is a good option of treatment for flat warts on the face due to its good clinical results, fast response, and low incidence of side effects.”
“Targeting

chromatin and its basic components through epigenetic drug therapy has become an increased focus in the treatment of complex diseases. This boost calls for the implementation of high-throughput cell-based assays that exploit the increasing knowledge about epigenetic mechanisms and their interventions for genotoxicity testing of epigenetic drugs. 3D quantitative DNA methylation imaging is a novel approach for detecting drug-induced DNA demethylation and concurrent heterochromatin decondensation/ reorganization in cells through the ana-lysis of differential nuclear distribution patterns of methylcytosine and gDNA visualized by fluorescence and processed by machine-learning algorithms. Utilizing 3D DNA methylation patterns is a powerful precursor

to a series of fully automatable assays that employ chromatin structure and higher organization as novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers for various epigenetic drug actions.”
“The risk of developing allergic asthma is increased LCL161 chemical structure if the child is exposed in the first months of life to synthetic

bedding and is enhanced by allergen exposure and an inadequate barrier function of the skin.

In conclusion, several lines of evidence support the concept of fetal programming and very early life events in the development of the different MG-132 mechanism phenotypes of asthma. Since some environmental triggers can be easily avoided and some protective factors can be easily implemented all efforts should be made to prevent intrauterine insults and early sensitization.”
“The aims of the study were (1) to quantify the influence of selected imaging parameters on the image quality (slice thickness, mAs, and beam orientation) defining optimal conditions for scan protocols and (2) to evaluate the benefits of the 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of NDS structures in dogs. CT-DCG was performed bilaterally in 32 heads of dogs. CT transverse images were obtained using a combination of two slice thickness values (0.8 mm and 2 mm) and two mAs values (50 mAs and 300 mAs). Two beam projection orientations were also tested: transverse plane (perpendicular to the hard palate) and oblique to the hard palate. Three-dimensional images were obtained using Volume Rendering (VR).

“
“In this work, we characterized the surface damage layer and sputtering yield of polycrystalline L-leucine films before and after Salubrinal inhibitor irradiation with Ar cluster or monomer ion beams with x ray photoelectron

spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Irradiation with Ar monomer ion beams induced heavy damage on the surface of L-leucine films, such as bond breaking and carbonization. In contrast, no significant surface damage was observed in the films irradiated with Ar cluster ion beams. The sputtering yield of L-leucine decreased dramatically with increasing fluence of monomer Ar ions and approached the value of the sputtering yield of graphite; but under irradiation with Ar cluster ion beams, the sputtering yield remained

constant with fluence. The differences in sputtering yield behavior were explained in relation with the surface damage layer on organic materials. Thus, cluster ion beams could potentially be used to mill down biological materials without significant damage on the surface and could contribute to various applications in the analysis and processing BLZ945 of life matter. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3658220]“
“Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is a rare histologic diagnosis in renal allografts. We report three cases with GIN. Case 1: a 37-yr-old woman received a kidney from her mother. On follow-up 15 months later, serum creatinine was increased and a graft biopsy showed epithelioid granuloma in the center of massive mononuclear cell infiltration. She had presented with refractory urinary tract infection treated with antibiotics before biopsy. The case was presumed selleckchem to be GIN associated with UTI or hypersensitivity to medication. Case 2: a 47-yr-old woman received a second graft from a non-heart-beating donor. A protocol graft biopsy was performed six months after transplantation and showed several granulomatous nodules. She was followed closely without therapy. Case 3: a 27-yr-old woman received an ABO-incompatible kidney from her father. A protocol graft biopsy was performed three months after transplantation and showed granulomatous reaction with

severe mononuclear cell infiltration. She received steroid pulse therapy. The two latter patients had no obvious factor contributing to GIN. Therefore, they were presumed to have idiopathic GIN. Infection is considered to be the main causative factor of GIN in renal allografts. This paper describes rare cases of GIN that had no infectious episode in the renal allografts.”
“Rosiglitazone maleate (RGM) is widely used for improving insulin resistance. RGM is a moderate inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) and is also mainly metabolized by CYP2C8. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of RGM on CYP2C8 is altered by co-treatment with other drugs, and whether amlodipine camsylate (AC) changes the pharmacokinetics (PK) of RGM.

(C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“During the serial passage of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in different countries after initial seed distribution from the Pasteur Institute, specific insertions and deletions in the genome among BCG substrains were observed and speculated to result in differences in immunological activities. ‘Early-shared strains’ of BCG (Russia, Moreau, Japan, Sweden, Birkhaug), distributed by the Pasteur Institute, which conserve three types of mycolate (alpha, methoxy, keto) in cell wall, exhibited stronger activities of induction of nitric oxide, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8,

IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, from human epithelial cell line A549, human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1 and mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than did ‘late-shared strains’ of BCG (Danish, Glaxo, Mexico, Tice, Connaught, Montreal, selleck chemicals Phipps, Australia, Pasteur). The stronger induction of IL-12 and TNF-alpha in the presence of IFN-gamma was also observed by trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) extracted from BCG-Japan than by TDM from BCG-Connaught, PXD101 Epigenetics inhibitor which lacks

the methoxymycolate residue. These results suggest that ‘early-shared strains’ are more potent immunostimulating agents than ‘late-shared strains’, which could be attributed partially to methoxymycolate. Our study provides the basic information for immunological characterization of various BCG strains and may contribute to a re-evaluation of them as a reference strain for vaccination against tuberculosis.”
“In order to explain the higher short-circuit current (J(sc)) with comparable open-circuit voltage (V-oc) from dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on gallium-modified ZnO (ZnO:Ga) porous electrodes, the diffusion coefficient (D) and electron lifetime (tau) in DSCs with and without Ga-modified ZnO were studied

by stepped light-induced transient measurements of photocurrent and voltage. In comparison selleck screening library to DSCs based on ZnO electrodes, the ZnO:Ga-based solar cells provided lower D and higher tau values. The results were interpreted according to the transport-limited recombination model, where the Ga modification induced a higher density of intraband charge traps. At matched electron densities, a decrease in V-oc from DSCs based on ZnO:Ga was observed, suggesting a positive shift of the ZnO:Ga conduction band edge. The higher J(sc) can be explained by the positive shift of the ZnO:Ga conduction band edge in addition to the increased roughness factor of the electrode due to the Ga modification. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3226073]“
“This study tested the effect of recombinant bovine interferon-tau (rboIFN-tau) on the length of estrous cycle, luteal lifespan and side effects of rboIFN-tau in the cow.

Mice were exercised for 1 hr everyday for 8 weeks (speed of 5.2 m/min). We performed a voiding pattern test, cystometric analysis and reactivity of isolated bladder strips in WT and db/db mice, both sedentary and exercised. Results: Diabetes increased the frequency of voiding, bladder capacity, and residual volume. Exercise decreased voiding frequency in db/db mice; voiding frequency was 5.8 +/- 0.5 (db/db exercise) versus 10.8 +/- 1.1 (db/db control,

P<0.001). In cystometric analysis, the bladder capacity of db/db sedentary mice was 0.27 +/- 0.05 ml and was 0.14 +/- 0.02 ml in the db/db exercise group (P<0.05), whereas the residual volume was 0.2 +/- 0.03 ml in db/db sedentary mice and 0.06 +/- 0.02 ml in db/db Ex mice. Isolated strips Linsitinib nmr of bladder muscle from sedentary db/db mice were more responsive to carbachol than strips from db/db exercise mice. Exercise did not improve the urodynamic properties of WT mice, both sedentary and exercised. Conclusions: Exercise

improves bladder function in diabetic mice by reducing voiding frequency and improving urodynamic parameters. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 174-182, 2011. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“This article describes an infant who had a combination XMU-MP-1 Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor of malformations. The boy had a median cleft of the lip, cleft of the soft palate, microcephaly, and ulnar polydactyly of both hands and feet. All of these are relatively commonly encountered in any plastic surgical outpatient department. However, the combination of such abnormalities is encountered extremely rarely. Thurston syndrome is one of the several oral-facial-digital syndromes. A brief literature review of Thurston syndrome and salient features of oral-facial-digital syndromes are discussed.”
“OBJECTIVE: The Family with sequence similarity 5 member C (FAM5C) has been suggested to contribute in aggressive periodontitis. However, there is no data regarding its role in chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAM5C expression in chronic periodontitis and to study association of FAM5C with

key immunoinflammatory markers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were harvested from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 10) and chronic periodontitis subjects (n = 15). The levels of mRNA of FAM5C, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, LDK378 molecular weight IL-23, IL-10, IL-4, interferon-c, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, transcription factor forkhead box p3, and transcription factor orphan nuclear receptor C2 were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: FAM5C mRNA levels were not different between periodontally healthy and diseased tissues (P > 0.05). Gene expressions of IL-17, TNF-alpha, OPG, RANKL, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were higher in periodontitis, when compared to periodontally healthy sites (P < 0.

In addition, MHC class II exon 2 revealed significant differences between population differentiation patterns from the neutral

mitochondrial Cytb and microsatellites, which may indicate local adaptation at MHC loci in orange-spotted grouper originating from the South China Sea and Southeast Asia.”
“We describe a technique to obtain Descemet endothelium disks from donors. To detach Descemet membrane, an air bubble was introduced in the deep stroma of human donor corneas mounted on an artificial chamber. In Group A (n = 5), the bubble was left inflated. In Group B (n = 4), the bubble was deflated immediately after the membrane was detached. In Group C (n = 7), the Descemet endothelium disk was trephined and separated from the stroma after the bubble was deflated. All tissues were stored at 4 degrees C. Descemet detachment was achieved in 89% of the tissues. After 48 hours, the mean endothelial loss was 83% +/- 10% (SD), 15% GSK1904529A mw +/- 11%, and 3% +/- 3% in the 3 groups, respectively. With this technique, Descemet endothelium

disks were obtained without significant alterations in the endothelial layer.”
“Study Design. Retrospective review of scoliosis progression, pulmonary and cardiac function in a series of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

Objective. To determine whether operative treatment of scoliosis decreases the rate of pulmonary function loss in patients with DMD.

Summary of Background Data. It is generally accepted that surgical SCH 900776 inhibitor Lonafarnib cost intervention should be undertaken in DMD scoliosis once curve sizes reach 35 degrees to allow intervention before critical respiratory decline has occurred. There are conflicting reports, however, regarding the effect of scoliosis stabilization on the rate of pulmonary function decline when compared to nonoperative cohorts.

Methods. We reviewed spinal radiographs, echocardiograms, and spirometry, hospital, and operative records of all patients

seen at our tertiary referral center from July 1, 1992 to June 1, 2007. Data were recorded to Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and analyzed with SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) and R statistical processing software (www.r-project.org).

Results. The percent predicted forced vital capacity (PPFVC) decreased 5% per year before operation. The mean PPFVC was 54% (SD = 21%) before operation with a mean postoperative PPFVC of 43% (SD = 14%). Surgical treatment was associated with a 12% decline in PPFVC independent of other treatment variables. PPFVC after operation declined at a rate of 1% per year and while this rate was lower, it was not significantly different than the rate of decline present before operation (P = 0.18). Cardiac function as measured by left ventricular fractional shortening declined at a rate of 1% per year with most individuals exhibiting a left ventricular fractional shortening rate of more than 30 before operation.

Conclusion.

These results

support the use of comprehensive genetic screening of desmosomal genes for arrhythmic risk stratification in ARVC.”
“A pseudopotential plane-wave based density functional theory simulations of the hydrogen adsorption on rutile SnO2 (110) surface is reported. It is found that on doping with trivalent indium, the surface becomes unstable due to the formation of bridging oxygen vacancies. At sufficiently low doping level, the surface stabilizes at an oxygen vacancy to indium ratio of 1:2. Our calculations predict that at a higher doping level of 9 at. %, this ratio becomes larger, and point out a way to synthesize p-type conducting SnO2 thin films. The binding energy of SnO2 (110) surface with adsorbed hydrogen atoms display a maximum at

3-6 at. % of indium doping. This is in good agreement with the experimental results obtained from the SnO2-based hydrogen selleck kinase inhibitor sensor’s sensitivity measurements GW4869 in vitro given by Drake et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 101, 104307 (2007)]. The theoretical modeling explains that the calcinations treatment can critically affect the sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor due to the enhancement of the binding energy between the SnO2 surface and the adsorbed hydrogen atoms. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3399565]“
“Background: Few studies have allowed direct comparison of the association between body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and hypertension in different Asian ethnicities.

Objective: We compared the association of BMI with hypertension in Chinese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese adults and determined BMI cutoffs that LEE011 supplier best predicted hypertension in these populations.

Design: We included

7562 Chinese, 18,502 Indonesian, and 77,758 Vietnamese participants aged 18-65 y. Blood pressure, weight, and height were measured by trained health workers. To define an optimal BMI cutoff, we computed and searched for the shortest distance on receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results: Despite a low mean BMI, the prevalences of hypertension in Chinese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese men were 22.9%, 24.8%, and 14.4%, respectively, and in women were 16.6%, 26.9%, and 11.7%, respectively. At all BMI levels, the sex-specific prevalence of hypertension was higher in Indonesian adults than in Chinese and Vietnamese adults (P < 0.05 at almost all BMI levels). The overall and stratified analyses suggested optimal BMI cutoffs of 23-24, 21-22.5, and 20.5-21 for Chinese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese adults, respectively. The cutoffs were approximate to 0.5-1.0 units higher in women than in men and in the older (41-65 y) than in the younger (18-40 y) participants.

Conclusions: The study showed an ethnic difference in the BMI-hypertension association and in optimal BMI cutoffs between Chinese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese adults.