90, the transformed data were well described by a fitted function describing the relationship between tazobactam % Time bigger than threshold and change in log(10) CFU from baseline. Due to these findings, the challenge panel was expanded to include three well-characterized beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with variable enzyme expression and other resistance determinants. The translational AZD9291 concentration relationship for the tazobactam threshold that

allowed for the comodeling of the four E. coli isolates performed well for the expanded data set (seven isolates in total; four E. coli and three K. pneumoniae), as evidenced by an r(2) value of 0.84. This simple translational relationship is especially useful as it is directly linked to in vitro susceptibility test results, which are used to guide the clinician’s choice of drug and dosing regimen.”
“The increase in internet

traffic, number of users, and availability of mobile devices poses a challenge to wireless technologies. In long-term evolution (LTE) advanced system, heterogeneous networks (HetNet) using centralized coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmitting radio over optical fibers (LTE A-ROF) have provided CX-6258 a feasible way of satisfying user demands. In this paper, an orthogonal wavelet division multiple-access (OWDMA) processor architecture is proposed, which is shown to be better suited to LTE advanced systems as compared to orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) as in LTE systems 3GPP rel.8 (3GPP, http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36300.htm). ROF systems are a viable alternative to satisfy large

data demands; hence, the performance in ROF systems is also evaluated. To validate the architecture, the Selleckchem Cediranib circuit is designed and synthesized on a Xilinx vertex-6 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The synthesis results show that the circuit performs with a clock period as short as 7.036 ns (i.e., a maximum clock frequency of 142.13 MHz) for transform size of 512. A pipelined version of the architecture reduces the power consumption by approximately 89%. We compare our architecture with similar available architectures for resource utilization and timing and provide performance comparison with OFDMA systems for various quality metrics of communication systems. The OWDMA architecture is found to perform better than OFDMA for bit error rate (BER) performance versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in wireless channel as well as ROF media. It also gives higher throughput and mitigates the bad effect of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR).”
“Introduction: Spatio-temporal indicators of injury are essential for the study of neuropathological processes and for developing therapeutic approaches for stroke. Objective: This study sought to optimize the techniques of two cerebral ischemia models (focal and global) and to comparatively evaluate the progression of brain damage by analyzing markers of neurodegeneration.

As for the sex comparison, female patients showed a significant increase in the volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to male patients. Also, the volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in female patients was correlated positively with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score (=0.68, P=0.04). The specific morphological variations

in patient with GAD will be helpful to understand the neural mechanism associated with a symptom of GAD. Furthermore, the findings would be valuable for the diagnostic accuracy of GAD using morphometric MRI analysis.”
“BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after total thyroidectomy have been shown to predict the development of symptomatic hypocalcemia and the need for calcium supplementation. This study aimed to determine whether a PTH level drawn 4 hours postoperatively is as effective ARS-1620 clinical trial as a level drawn on postoperative day 1 (POD1) in predicting this need. STUDY DESIGN: This is a single-institution retrospective review

of 4-hour and POD1 PTH levels in patients who underwent WH-4-023 Angiogenesis inhibitor total thyroidectomy from January 2012 to September 2012. If POD1 PTH was bigger than = 10 pg/mL, patients did not routinely receive supplementation; if PTH was smaller than 10 pg/mL, patients received oral calcium with or without calcitriol. RESULTS: Of 77 patients, 20 (26%) had a 4-hour PTH smaller than 10 pg/mL; 18 (90%) of these patients had a POD1 PTH smaller than 10 pg/mL. No patient with a 4-hour PTH bigger than = 10 pg/mL

had a POD1 PTH smaller than 10 pg/mL. Selleckchem CHIR98014 All 18 patients with POD1 PTH smaller than 10 pg/mL received calcium supplementation. Three additional patients received supplementation due to reported symptoms or surgeon preference. A 4-hour PTH bigger than = 10 pg/mL compared with a POD1 PTH had a similar ability to predict which patients would not need calcium supplementation; sensitivity was 98% vs 98%, specificity was 90% vs 86%, and and negative predictive value was 95% vs 95%. Of 21 patients who received supplementation, 13 (62%) also received calcitriol, including 9 patients (69%) with a 4-hour PTH smaller than 6 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: A single PTH level obtained 4 hours after total thyroidectomy that is bigger than = 10 pg/mL accurately identifies patients who do not need calcium supplementation or additional monitoring of serum calcium levels. Same-day discharge, if deemed safe, can be accomplished with or without calcium supplementation based on the 4-hour PTH level. Greater consideration should be given to calcitriol supplementation in patients with a 4-hour PTH smaller than 6 pg/mL. (C) 2014 by the American College of Surgeons)”
“Inflammatory mediators are known to play a key role in tumorigenesis, therefore, it is a promising strategy to inhibit the inflammation for cancer prevention and/or treatment.

NAC increased GSH contents but BSO decreased in dose-dependent manners. Reflecting changes in GSH, HNE-induced EGFR phosphorylation was suppressed by NAC, whereas it was promoted by BSO. Mandatory expression of hGSTA4 suppressed HNE-induced events. We first demonstrated that the ligand-independent activation of EGFR by the balance between the stimulation of HNE and the prevention of intrinsic GSH/GST system might participate in the development of hESCC. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Inhalational anthrax is established after inhaled Bacillus andirons spores are transported to the lung selleckchem associated lymph nodes Dendritic cells (CD11c+ cells) located

in the lungs are phagocytes that maintain many capabilities consistent with transport This study investigates the role of dendritic cells as conduits of spores from the lung to the draining lymph nodes The intratracheally spore-challenged mouse model of inhalational anthrax was utilized to investigate in vivo activities

of CD11c+ cells FITC labeled spores were delivered to the lungs of mice. Subsequently lung associated lymph nodes were isolated after infection and CD11c+ cells were found in association with the labeled LY3023414 research buy spores Further investigation of CD11c+ cells in early anthrax events was facilitated by use of the CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice in which CD11c+ cells can be transiently depleted by treatment SB202190 inhibitor with DT. We found that the presence of CD11c cells was necessary for efficient traffic of the spore to lung associated lymph nodes at early times after infection Cultured dendritic cells were used to determine that these cells are capable of B anthracis spore phagocytosis, and support germination and outgrowth This data demonstrates that CD11c+ cells are likely carriers of B anthracts spores from the point of inhalation in the lung to the lung associated lymph nodes The cultured dendritic cell allows for spore germination and outgrowth supporting the concept

that the CD11c+ cell responsible for this function can be a dendritic cell (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved”
“To better understand the role of progestins in the C I area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), immunocytochemical localization of progestin receptors (PRs) was combined with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in single sections of RVLM from proestrus rat brains prepared for light and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, PR-immunoreactivity (-ir) was detected in a few nuclei that were interspersed between TH-labeled perikarya and dendrites. Electron microscopy revealed that PR-ir was in several extranuclear locations. The majority of PR-labeling was in non-TH immunoreactive axons (51 +/- 9%) near the plasma membrane. Additional dual labeling studies revealed that PR-immunoreactive axons could give rise to terminals containing the GABAergic marker GAD65.

, complex dynamics of mitochondria include fission, fusion, small oscillatory movements of mitochondria, larger movements like filament extension, retraction, fast branching in the mitochondrial network and rapid long-distance intracellular translocation of single mitochondria. Alternatively, mitochondria can be rather fixed in other cells and tissues like adult cardiomyocytes or skeletal muscles with a very regular organelle organization between myofibrils, providing the bioenergetic basis for contraction. Adult cardiac cells show no displacement of mitochondria with only very small-amplitude EPZ5676 mw rapid

vibrations, demonstrating remarkable, cell type-dependent differences in the dynamics and spatial arrangement of mitochondria. These variations and the cell-type specificity of mitochondrial dynamics could be related to specific cellular functions and demands, also indicating a significant role of integrations of mitochondria with other intracellular systems like the cytoskeleton, nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: There is an urgent need to develop new, safe and effective treatments for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) because current drugs have extremely poor safety profiles and are difficult to administer. Here we report the discovery of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines, exemplified by 4-[4-amino-5-(2-methoxy-benzoyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-piperidine-1-carboxylic

acid phenylamide (SCYX-5070), as potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei and the related trypanosomatid protozoans Leishmania spp.\n\nMethodology/Principal Findings: In this work C59 we show that loss YH25448 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor of T. brucei viability following SCYX-5070 exposure was dependent on compound concentration and incubation time. Pulse incubation of T. brucei with SCYX-5070 demonstrates that

a short period of exposure (10-12 hrs) is required to produce irreversible effects on survival or commit the parasites to death. SCYX-5070 cured an acute trypanosomiasis infection in mice without exhibiting signs of compound related acute or chronic toxicity. To identify the molecular target(s) responsible for the mechanism of action of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines against trypanosomatid protozoa, a representative analogue was immobilized on a solid matrix (sepharose) and used to isolate target proteins from parasite extracts. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cdc2-related kinases (CRKs) were identified as the major proteins specifically bound to the immobilized compound, suggesting their participation in the pharmacological effects of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines against trypanosomatid protozoan parasites.\n\nConclusions/Significance: Results show that 2,4-diaminopyrimidines have a good in vitro and in vivo pharmacological profile against trypanosomatid protozoans and that MAPKs and CRKs are potential molecular targets of these compounds. The 2,4-diminipyrimidines may serve as suitable leads for the development of novel treatments for HAT.

\n\nMethods: Thirty-nine

patients with cirrhosis and 39 healthy controls aged 0-15 years matched by sex and age were enrolled. Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh classification, and Pediatric for End Stage Liver CH5183284 Angiogenesis inhibitor Disease (PELD) or Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assay total ghrelin, acyl ghrelin, leptin and insulin by using a commercial ELISA kit. Anthropometry parameters used were standard deviation score of height-for-age and triceps skinfold thickness-for-age ratio. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between dependent and independent variables.\n\nResults: Acyl ghrelin was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients than in controls [142 (93-278) pg/mL vs 275 (208-481) pg/mL, P = 0.001]. After multiple linear regression analysis, total ghrelin and acyl ghrelin showed an inverse correlation with age; acyl ghrelin was associated with the severity of cirrhosis and des-acyl ghrelin with PELD or MELD scores >= 15. Leptin was positively correlated with gender and anthropometric parameters. Insulin

was not associated with any variable.\n\nConclusion: Low acyl ghrelin and high des-acyl ghrelin concentrations were associated with cirrhosis severity, whereas low leptin concentration was associated with undernourishment in children and adolescents with cirrhosis. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The biotransformation of dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT, 4-chloro-17 beta-hydroxy, 17 alpha-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one) SNX-5422 inhibitor in man was studied with the aim to discover long-term metabolites valuable for the antidoping analysis. find more Having applied a high performance liquid chromatography for the fractionation of urinary extract obtained from

the pool of several DHCMT positive urines, about 50 metabolites were found. Most of these metabolites were included in the GC-MS/MS screening method, which was subsequently applied to analyze the post-administration and routine doping control samples. As a result of this study, 6 new long-term metabolites were identified tentatively characterized using GC-MS and GC-MS/MS as 4-chloro-17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstan-3 alpha, 16, 17 beta-triol (M1), 4-chloro-18-nor-17 beta-hydroxymethyl,17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androsta-1,13-dien-3 alpha-ol (M2), 4-chloro-18-nor-17 beta-hydroxymethyl, 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androst-13-en-3 alpha-ol (M3), its epimer 4-chloro-18-nor-17 alpha-hydroxymethyl, 17 beta-methyl-5 beta-androst-13-en-3 alpha-ol, 4-chloro-18-nor-17 beta-hydroxymethyl, 17 alpha-methylandrosta-4,13-dien-3 alpha-ol (M4) and its epimer 4-chloro-18-nor-17 alpha-hydroxymethyl, 17 beta-methylandrosta-4,13-dien-3 alpha-ol.

5%) in fast-twitch muscle, whereas a mixture of SERCA isoforms was found in masticatory muscles: 62-78% was SERCA2,

20-37% was SERCA1, and the SERCA3 content was negligible. Depressor muscles showed a significantly higher content (77.8%) of SERCA2, and elevator muscles showed a higher content (35.4%) of SERCA1. Elevator muscles showed higher expression of SERCA2a (58%), and depressor muscles showed higher expression of SERCA2b (20%). The SERCA1 content was mainly SERCA1a and significantly higher for elevator muscles (33%), whereas depressor muscles showed a higher content of SERCA1b (4%). The SERCA1 content of fast-twitch muscle was mainly SERCA1a (88.5%). It is concluded that the mixture of different SERCA isoforms, BEZ235 price along with click here a substantial content of SERCA2b, in masticatory muscles would support lower Ca-ATPase activity and calcium transport.”
“Adaptations at the gamete level (a) evolve quickly, (b) appear sensitive to inbreeding and outbreeding and (c) have important influences on potential to reproduce. We apply this understanding to problems posed by escaped farm salmon and measure their potential to reproduce in the wild. Farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

are a threat to biodiversity, because they escape in large numbers and can introgress, dilute or disrupt locally adapted wild gene pools. Experiments at the whole fish level have found farm reproductive potential to be significant, but inferior compared to wild adults, especially for males. Here, we assess reproductive performance at the gamete level through detailed in vitro comparisons of the form, function, fertility, compatibility and competitiveness of farm versus wild Selleck Galunisertib Atlantic salmon sperm and eggs, in conditions mimicking the natural gametic microenvironment, using fish raised under similar environmental conditions. Despite selective domestication and reduced genetic diversity, we find functional equivalence in all farm fish gamete traits compared with their wild ancestral strain. Our results identify a clear threat of farm salmon reproduction with wild fish and therefore

encourage further consideration of using triploid farm strains with optimized traits for aquaculture and fish welfare, as triploid fish remain reproductively sterile following escape.”
“Statement of problem. Candida albicans is a known etiologic agent of denture stomatitis. Candida hyphae exhibit the ability to respond directionally to environmental stimuli. This characteristic is thought to be important in the penetration of substrata such as resilient denture liners and host epithelium. It has been suggested that hyphal production also enhances adhesion and survival of Candida on host and denture surfaces. Surface roughness, in addition, can enhance adhesion where stronger interactions occur between cells and surface features of similar dimensions. Purpose.

Although none of the SNPs caused a significant effect on steady-state levels of NAT1-specific mRNA, C97T(R33stop), C190T(R64W), C559T (R187stop) and A752T(D251V) each reduced NAT1 protein level and/ or N-and O-acetyltransferase catalytic activities to levels below detection. G560A(R187Q) substantially this website reduced NAT1 protein level and catalytic activities and increased substrate Km. The G445A(V149I), G459A(synonymous) and T640G(S214A) haplotype present in NAT1* 11 significantly (P<0.05) increased NAT1 protein level and catalytic activity. Neither T21G(synonymous), T402C(synonymous),

A613G(M205V), T777C(synonymous), G781A(E261K) nor A787G(1263V) significantly affected Km, catalytic activity, mRNA or protein level. These results suggest heterogeneity among slow NAT1 acetylator phenotypes.”
“2-Chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA), a 16-carbon chain chlorinated

fatty aldehyde that is produced by reactive chlorinating species attack of plasmalogens, is elevated in atherosclerotic plaques, infarcted myocardium, and activated leukocytes. We tested the hypothesis that 2-ClHDA and its metabolites, 2-chlorohexadecanoic acid (2-ClHA) and 2-chlorohexadecanol (2-ClHOH), induce COX-2 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). COX-2 protein expression increased in response to 2-ClHDA treatments at 8 and 20 h. 2-ClHA also increased COX-2 expression following an 8 h treatment. Quantitative PCR showed that 2-ClHDA treatment increased COX-2 mRNA over 8 h, while 2-ClHA treatment led to a modest increase find more by 1 h and those levels remained CCI-779 datasheet constant over 8 h. 2-ClHDA led to a significant increase in 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) release (a measure of PGI(2) release) by HCAEC. These data suggest that 2-ClHDA and its metabolite 2-ClHA, which are produced during leukocyte activation, may alter vascular

endothelial cell function by upregulation of COX-2 expression.”
“Nasopharyngeal mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is an extremely rare entity. To date, there is little published about its clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Between 1997 and 2009, 13 cases of MEC were confirmed and treated at the department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). Nasal obstruction, bleeding and hearing loss were the most common presentations, whereas, neck mass, headache and cranial nerve palsy were uncommon. Tumors remained stable after either primary radiation therapy or post-operative radiation therapy for the residual, though the majority of them were high or high-intermediate grade tumors. Five patients, who received either primary surgery or salvage surgery, had positive surgical margins, however, all are alive with stable disease except one old patient died of heart failure.

Germination and initial development tests were performed using Meyer’s solution containing copper sulphate at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg L-1. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber at 25 +/- 1 degrees C for 28 days, with a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle and a photon flux density of 100 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). The lowest germination rate (6%) was observed at 100 mg L-1. Primary root growth was significantly reduced at >=

10 mg L-1. Secondary leaves of sporophytes grown in concentrations >= 5 mg L-1 were progressively shorter than were those formed by the control plants. We conclude that the release of pollutants containing copper into the natural habitats of R. diphyllum can cause phytotoxicity, threatening the establishment of populations and worsening the already PF-03084014 vulnerable conservation status of this species.”
“Disasters are the events which devastate human lives, properties and natural ecosystems; cyclones are frequent events in tropical countries which have adverse impacts on coastal areas. The present study evaluates the impact of cyclone Lehar post-disaster in the South Andaman Island using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Cyclone Lehar originated in the Andaman Sea and had a major impact on the South Andaman Island. Digital elevation model

was used to create elevation and slope maps of the study area. These maps were used to study the impacts of floods, landslides, S63845 mouse storm surges and runoff. Land-use and land-cover features were mapped and overlaid with

this model for preparing the vulnerability map for various outcomes of the cyclone. Preliminary impact assessments were made in these identified vulnerable areas www.selleckchem.com/ATM.html and also throughout the study area. Finally the results were interpreted with vulnerability map prepared using the GIS technique which shows that most of the affected areas are correlated with the vulnerability map. Cyclone Lehar had adverse impacts on natural ecosystems such as forests, mangroves and sandy beaches. It also damaged man-made features such as settlements, infrastructure, agricultural fields and plantations. This study proves spatial technologies are the indispensible tools for post-disaster planning and impact assessment.”
“Population isolates have long been of interest to genetic epidemiologists because of their potential to increase power to detect disease-causing genetic variants. The Sorbs of Germany are considered as cultural and linguistic isolates and have recently been the focus of disease association mapping efforts. They are thought to have settled in their present location in eastern Germany after a westward migration from a largely Slavic-speaking territory during the Middle Ages. To examine Sorbian genetic diversity within the context of other European populations, we analyzed genotype data for over 30 000 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms from over 200 Sorbs individuals.

These tissues were chosen because they were target sites of carcinogens, and/or relevant to a specific route of exposure. Recently, there has been particular focus on the gastrointestinal

(GI) tract as it is a contact site associated with high exposure following oral gavage. Furthermore AG-881 order GI tumors are observed with high frequency in human populations. A collaborative study of the rat glandular stomach and colon MNT was conducted in conjunction with a collaborative study of the repeated-dose liver MNT. Based on limited data currently available, the rodent MNT using the glandular stomach and/or colon seems to detect genotoxic carcinogens with GI tract target-organ specificity. CHIR99021 The working group concluded that the GI tract MNT would be a promising method to examine clastogenicity or aneugenicity of test chemicals in the stomach and/or colon. Further data will be needed to fully establish the methods, and to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the GI tract MNT. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Previous studies investigating the influence of gender on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction have reported conflicting results. The aim of this study was to assess

the influence of gender on ischemic times and outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in modern practice. The present multicenter registry included consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention at 3 hospitals. Adjusted mortality rates were calculated using Cox proportional-hazards JQ-EZ-05 analyses. In total, 3,483 patients were included, of whom 868 were women (25%). Women were older, had a higher risk factor burden, and more frequently had histories of malignancy. Men more often had cardiac histories and peripheral vascular disease. Ischemic times were longer in women (median 192 minutes [interquartile range 141 to 286] vs 175

minutes [interquartile range 128 to 279] in men, p = 0.002). However, multivariate linear regression showed that this was due to age and co-morbidity. All-cause mortality was higher at 7 days (6.0% in women vs 3.0% in men, p<0.001) and at 1 year (9.9% in women vs 6.6% in men, p = 0.001). After adjustment, female gender predicted 7 day all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 2.46) and cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.42) but not 1-year mortality. Moreover, gender was an independent effect modifier for cardiogenic shock, leading to substantially worse outcomes in women. In conclusion, ischemic times remain longer in women because of age and comorbidity.

Forgiven lethality and a simple fitness landscape, three

dynamic regimes can be obtained: quasispecies, error catastrophe, and extinction. Using a simple model in which molecules are classified as master, lethal and non-lethal Mutants, it is possible to obtain the mutation rates of the transitions between the three regimes analytically. The numerical resolution of the extended model, in which molecules are classified depending on their Hamming distance to the master sequence, confirms the results obtained in the simple model and shows how an error catastrophe regime changes when lethality is taken in account. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel gated by noxious heat, vanilloids and extracellular protons, and act as

an important signal Epoxomicin order integrator in sensory nociceptors. Because of its integrative signaling properties Dinaciclib solubility dmso in response to inflammatory stimuli, TRPV1 antagonists are predicted to inhibit the sensation of ongoing or burning pain that is reported by patients suffering from chronic pain, therefore offering an unprecedented advantage in selectively inhibiting painful signaling from where it is initiated. In this chapter, we firstly summarize the physiological and pathological roles of TRPV1 and then describe the pharmacology of TRPV1 agonists and antagonists. Finally, we give an update and the status on TRPV1 therapies that have progressed into Kinase Inhibitor Library clinical trials.”
“Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic treatment of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU)

has been introduced as an alternative procedure to open surgery. It has been postulated that the minimally invasive approach involves less operative stress and results in decreased morbidity and mortality.\n\nMethods: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials to test this hypothesis. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Trials databases were searched, with no date or language restrictions.\n\nResults: Our literature search identified 4 randomized trials, with a cumulative number of 289 patients, that compared the laparoscopic approach with open sutured repair of perforated ulcer. Analysis of outcomes did not favor either approach in terms of morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rate, although odds ratios seemed to consistently support the laparoscopic approach. Results did not determine the comparative efficiency and safety of laparoscopic or open approach for PPU.\n\nConclusion: In view of an increased interest in the laparoscopic approach, further randomized trials are considered essential to determine the relative effectiveness of laparoscopic and open repair of PPU.”
“IThe present study outlines the case of a 30-year-old patient with central odontogenic fibroma. The tumour developed in the alveolar process of the maxilla in the area of 13-15.